Size Effects in Residual Stress Formation during Quenching of Cylinders Made of Hot-Work Tool Steel

Schemmel, Manuel; Prevedel, Petri; Schöngrundner, R.; Ecker, Werner; Antretter, Thomas

doi:10.1155/2015/678056

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To perform an accurate thermomechanical heat treatment simulation, it is necessary to have knowledge of temperature-and phase-dependent material properties. Those as well as the used numerical model are based on the study of Schemmel et al [12]. Schemmel et al calculated the residual stress formation and the evolutions of phase fractions during the quenching process in dependence of the samples sizes on the same steel grade.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 5% Cr Martensitic Steel

Ognianov

Leitner

Wieser

2017

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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Hot work tool steels are widely used as thermal and mechanical highly stressed tools, amongst others for pressure die casting. Advanced die-casting processes require further increase regarding the size of the molds, the complexity of the geometries, and the tool life of the dies, resulting in a multifaceted stress profile for the used tool steel. Thus, an optimum combination of certain properties, such as a high thermal stability and toughness as well as a particularly good through hardenability for large cross-sections, is hence necessary. The mechanical properties of engineering structural materials are highly dependent on their microstructure and are achieved after heat treatment, which is therefore crucial for the good performance of the tool steel. Depending on the size of the tools, the hardening process in these materials can lead to varying microstructures and properties through their cross-section resulting from the quenching step and the inconsistent cooling rates. Particularly slow cooling rates can lead to the formation of bainite, which is known to decline the toughness and hence degrade the mechanical performance.In this work large dimensioned samples of 5%Cr martensitic steel with a size of 810 x 510 x 350 mm and a well-defined geometry are prepared and heat treated under standard conditions for die casting molds. Subsequently impact energy and fracture toughness in different zones of the samples are determined. The corresponding microstructures are investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results are compared with those of numerical simulations and discussed in this presentation. Keywords

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Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 5% Cr Martensitic Steel

Ognianov

Leitner

Wieser

2017

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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“…These materials were used individually and combined, depending on the characteristics of the core material to be encapsulated and the specific objectives of microencapsulation. Encapsulant materials are commonly known for their flexibility, film-forming properties, lack of taste and odor, and resistance to moisture absorption [19]. Kausadikar et al (2015) microencapsulated lemon oil by spray drying to inspect its application on flour tea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kausadikar et al (2015) microencapsulated lemon oil by spray drying to inspect its application on flour tea. Wall materials like maltodextrin, gum arabic, modified starches and its blends were used for drying process [19] [20]. Results suggested that maximum encapsulation efficiency was observed with wall material concentration (30%), core material concentration (10%) and the inlet temperature (175°C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Exploring the Microstructural and Thermal Properties of Pseudostem Juice and Cassava Juice as a Quenching Media.

Gbadeyan

2023

Preprint

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The utilization of pseudostem juice and cassava juice as non-Newtonian fluids for quenching applications is examined in this study. These fluids' microstructural and thermal characteristics were investigated and contrasted with those of conventional quenching mediums. The findings demonstrated that these fluids have distinctive qualities that make them attractive substitutes for conventional quenching mediums. The tensile strength of the samples increased when quenched in pseudostem juice of bananas (PJB) at 30 0C and water at 90 0C, exceeding the as-cast value of 435 MPa. Quenching in PJB resulted in a higher tensile strength of at least 442 MPa. Additionally, the hardness value reached its highest point for the sample quenched in banana pseudostem juice at 30 0C and its lowest point for the sample quenched in water at 90 0C, which was 418 BHN. Although lower than its as-cast value, samples of ductile iron that were quenched in water exhibited a slight improvement in impact energy compared to those that were quenched in banana and cassava pseudostem juice. According to the microstructural analysis, the smallest grain sizes for ductile iron samples quenched in pseudostem juice of bananas were 0.18 µm, 0.235 µm, and 0.255 µm, respectively, when quenched at 30 0C. The findings of this study affirm the effectiveness of Pseudostem juice and Cassava juice as quenching media, opening doors to the development of more streamlined and sustainable quenching processes.

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“…For conventional hardening, Prime investigated and predicted residual stresses in a steel ring [7] and Eck and coworkers [8] modelled the residual stress evolution in a more complex component, that is, tire protection chains. Schemmel et al, in 2015, pointed out the effect of component sizes on residual stress formation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When phase transformation is involved, as in ferritic steel products, the concomitant volume expansion and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) [10] can have a strong impact on the resulting residual stress distributions, as discussed in the work of [9]. Deng pointed out the impact of phase transformation in medium carbon steels has on residual stresses [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Residual Stress Design in Multiphase Seamless Steel Tubes

et al. 2020

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Residual stresses in quenched seamless steel tubes highly depend on the cooling conditions to which the tubes have been subjected. The design aspect of how to use controlled cooling strategies in multiphase steel tubes to achieve certain residual stress and phase configurations is discussed. In an experimentally validated finite element (FE) model considering a coupled evolution of martensite and bainite, three cooling strategies are tested for a low-alloyed 0.25 wt.% C steel tube. The strategies are (i) external cooling only, (ii) internal and external cooling for low residual stresses in a mainly martensitic tube, and (iii) internal and external cooling with low cooling rate for a mainly bainitic tube. The strategies represent design cases, where low residual stresses with different phase compositions are provoked, in order to show the potential of numerical analysis for residual stress and property design. It can be concluded that, for the investigated steel class, intense external cooling leads to a characteristic residual stress profile regardless of the dimension. A combination of external and internal cooling allows a more flexible design of residual stress and phase distribution by choosing different cooling parameters (i.e., water amount and cooling times). In general, lower cooling rates lead to lower thermal misfit strains, and thus less plasticity and lower residual stresses.

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Size Effects in Residual Stress Formation during Quenching of Cylinders Made of Hot-Work Tool Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of the Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 5% Cr Martensitic Steel

Influence of the Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in 5% Cr Martensitic Steel

Investigation and Exploring the Microstructural and Thermal Properties of Pseudostem Juice and Cassava Juice as a Quenching Media.

Model-Based Residual Stress Design in Multiphase Seamless Steel Tubes

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