Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: A review

Zhang, Lulu; Yang, Lihua; Zhou, Quanyu; Zhang, Xuan; Xing, Wanli; Wei, Yongjie; Hu, Min; Zhao, Lingjuan; Toriba, Akira; Hayakawa, Kazuichi; Tang, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2019.09.007

Cited by 106 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Atmospheric PAHs primarily originate from the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of organic matter [33], and different sources differ in the dominant PAHs and/or the proportions of specific PAHs [34,35]. The type of PAHs produced strongly depends on the combustion temperature [54,55]. PAHs with low molecular weight are generated via low-temperature burning, whereas high-molecular-weight PAHs account for a larger proportion with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratios (Drs) Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Common Air Pollutants at Wajima, a Remote Background Site in Japan

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Background sites are mainly affected by long-range-transported air pollutants, resulting in potential adverse effects on local atmospheric environments. A 4–5 year observational study was conducted to illustrate the air pollution profile at the Kanazawa University Wajima air monitoring station (KUWAMS), an ideal remote background site in Japan. Methods: Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the particulate phase and various air pollutants were continuously monitored for 4–5 years. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs and back-trajectory analysis were applied to trace the possible sources of the air pollutants collected at the sampling site. Results: The atmospheric concentration of PAHs in the atmosphere at the site decreased from 2014 to 2019, benefit from the predominant air pollution control policy in China and Japan. Common air pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone, methane (CH4), and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) were detected in low concentrations from 2016 to 2019, while ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) were present in high levels that exceeded the Japanese standards. Most air pollutants peaked in spring and showed evident diurnal variations in spring and summer. Conclusions: This is the first study to clarify the atmospheric behaviors of multiple air pollutants at a background site in Japan. Significant external air pollutant impact and unneglectable air pollution were demonstrated at KUWAMS, indicating the importance of studying atmospheric pollution at remote sites.

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Section: Diagnostic Ratios (Drs) Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Common Air Pollutants at Wajima, a Remote Background Site in Japan

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The sample generated at low intake O 2 concentration (DEP9.7) had the highest PAH mass fraction as a consequence of a higher degree of incomplete combustion process as the oxygen availability and combustion temperature were decreased [55].…”

Section: Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

et al. 2020

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Background: Diesel exhaust is carcinogenic and exposure to diesel particles cause health effects. We investigated the toxicity of diesel exhaust particles designed to have varying physicochemical properties in order to attribute health effects to specific particle characteristics. Particles from three fuel types were compared at 13% engine intake O 2 concentration: MK1 ultra low sulfur diesel (DEP13) and the two renewable diesel fuels hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO13) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME13). Additionally, diesel particles from MK1 ultra low sulfur diesel were generated at 9.7% (DEP9.7) and 17% (DEP17) intake O 2 concentration. We evaluated physicochemical properties and histopathological, inflammatory and genotoxic responses on day 1, 28, and 90 after single intratracheal instillation in mice compared to reference diesel particles and carbon black.

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“…Compared with low-molecular-weight PAHs, high-molecular-weight PAHs that with higher toxic potential tend to bind particles, especially those with fine size (Sheu et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2008). Airborne particles carrying PAHs can participate in the short-and long-range transport of air masses (Zhang et al, 2020b). Although the physical and chemical behavior of PAHs during transport may lead to the loss of PAHs in particles, the enhanced health risks caused by PAHs transported to the recipient site cannot be ignored (Lee et al, 1995;Sheu et al, 1997;Zhang et al, 2020e).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Long-range Transport of Particulate PAHs in East Asia

Zhang

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were continuously observed at Kanazawa University Wajima Air Monitoring Station (KUWAMS), a background site located in western Japan and downwind of mainland China that is constantly under the influence of polluted air masses originating from China. The observations showed that the concentration of particulate PAHs at KUWAMS sharply dropped to the lowest level (62 pg m-3) of the cold season in the last 5 years after the implementation of COVID-19 control measures in China. Despite the occasional dilution with clean air, the decrease in PAHs at KUWAMS reflected the reduction in emission intensity in China. Moreover, the PAH concentrations at KUWAMS in February, March, and April of 2020 compared with the same period in the previous year decreased by 52.6%, 36.6%, and 36.7%, respectively. These changes were consistent with the decline in SO 2 and NO 2 in northern China, which intensified during the control of COVID-19 and was slightly moderated after the resumption of work. In addition, there was little change in the composition of PAHs at KUWAMS before and during the COVID-19 outbreak and compared with previous years, which suggests a stable source composition. These findings emphasize the importance of decreased emission intensity in China for reducing long-range transport of PAHs and pollution levels in downwind areas.

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Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: A review

Cited by 106 publications

References 125 publications

Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Common Air Pollutants at Wajima, a Remote Background Site in Japan

Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Common Air Pollutants at Wajima, a Remote Background Site in Japan

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Long-range Transport of Particulate PAHs in East Asia

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