Size distribution of biogenic aerosol particles from the amazon basin

Artaxo, Paulo; Hansson, Hans‐Christen

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)00178-n

Cited by 120 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The third factor is related to P, Zn, S and FPM, and represents a second natural biogenic aerosol component. These two different components for natural biogenic aerosols were already observed in previous studies in the same area during the wet season (Artaxo and Hansson, 1995). It is normally observed that K and P have very different variability patterns, and the reason for this behavior is unknown.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The properties of atmospheric biological particles have been studied in only a few studies with measurements of their physical and chemical properties (Artaxo and Hansson, 1995;Artaxo et al, 1988;, Pöschl et al, 2010. Baseline knowledge of the source strengths, properties and processes of natural biogenic aerosols is necessary to correctly assess present-day burdens, direct radiative forcing and nutrient cycling in tropical regions (Martin et al, 2010a, b;Jaenicke, 2005).…”

Section: T Pauliquevis Et Al: the Role Of Biogenic Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biogenic particles consist of particles primarily emitted by the vegetation (e.g. bacteria, fungi, spores, and plant and insects debris), mainly in coarse mode (d p > 2.5 µm) (Artaxo and Hansson, 1995;Jaenicke, 2005), and sub-micron particles as a product of gas-to-particle conversion of biogenic trace gases emitted naturally by the vegetation (Pöschl et al, 2010;Martin et al, 2010a, b;Chen et al, 2009;Hoffmann et al, 1997Hoffmann et al, , 1998Claeys et al, 2004). Soil dust observed at Central Amazonia is a combination of local emission and the long range transport of Saharan dust, which takes place mostly between February and May (Ansmann et al, 2009;Talbot et al, 1990;Swap et al, 1992Swap et al, , 1996Formenti et al, 2001).…”

Section: T Pauliquevis Et Al: the Role Of Biogenic Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements in a remote site in Central Amazonia: the role of biogenic contribution

et al. 2012

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Abstract. In this analysis a 3.5 years data set of aerosol and precipitation chemistry, obtained in a remote site in Central Amazonia (Balbina, (1 • 55 S, 59 • 29 W, 174 m a.s.l.), about 200 km north of Manaus) is discussed. Aerosols were sampled using stacked filter units (SFU), which separate fine (d < 2.5 µm) and coarse mode (2.5 µm < d < 10.0 µm) aerosol particles. Filters were analyzed for particulate mass (PM), Equivalent Black Carbon (BC E ) and elemental composition by Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE). Rainwater samples were collected using a wet-only sampler and samples were analyzed for pH and ionic composition, which was determined using ionic chromatography (IC). Natural sources dominated the aerosol mass during the wet season, when it was predominantly of natural biogenic origin mostly in the coarse mode, which comprised up to 81 % of PM 10 . Biogenic aerosol from both primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol dominates the fine mode in the wet season, with very low concentrations (average 2.2 µg m −3 ). Soil dust was responsible for a minor fraction of the aerosol mass (less than 17 %). Sudden increases in the concentration of elements as Al, Ti and Fe were also observed, both in fine and coarse mode (mostly during the April-may months), which we attribute to episodes of Saharan dust transport. During the dry periods, a significant contribution to the fine aerosols loading was observed, due to the large-scale transport of smoke from biomass burning in other portions of the Amazon basin. This contribution is associated with the enhancement of the concentration of S, K, Zn and BC E . Chlorine, which is commonly associated to sea salt and also to biomass burning emissions, presented higher concentration not only during the dry season but also for the April-June months, due to the establishment of more favorable meteorological conditions to the transport of Atlantic air masses to Central Amazonia. The chemical composition of rainwater was similar to those ones observed in other remote sites in tropical forests. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH was 4.90. The most important contribution to acidity was from weak organic acids. The organic acidity was predominantly associated with the presence of acetic acid instead of formic acid, which is more often observed in pristine tropical areas. Wet deposition rates for major species did not differ significantly between dry and wet season, except for NH + 4 , citrate and acetate, which had smaller deposition rates during dry season. While biomass burning emissions were clearly identified in the aerosol component, it did not present a clear signature in rainwater. The biogenic component and the long-range transport of sea salt were observed both in aerosols and rainwater composition. The results shown here indicate that in Central Amazonia it is still possible to observe quite pristine atmospheric conditions, relatively free of anthropogenic influences.

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Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: T Pauliquevis Et Al: the Role Of Biogenic Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Pauliquevis Et Al: the Role Of Biogenic Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements in a remote site in Central Amazonia: the role of biogenic contribution

et al. 2012

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“…The Amazon rain forest has important roles in Earth's climate system. It acts as a source of primary and secondary biogenic aerosol particles and components (Artaxo and Hansson, 1994;Quéré et al, 2009;Martin et al, 2010). It also affects the global biogeochemical cycles, including carbon cycling (Davidson and Artaxo, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of North African dust from the Bodélé depression to the Amazon Basin: a case study

Ben-Ami¹,

Koren²,

Rudich³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

135

124

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Abstract. Through long-range transport of dust, the NorthAfrican desert supplies essential minerals to the Amazon rain forest. Since North African dust reaches South America mostly during the Northern Hemisphere winter, the dust sources active during winter are the main contributors to the forest. Given that the Bodélé depression area in southwestern Chad is the main winter dust source, a close link is expected between the Bodélé emission patterns and volumes and the mineral supply flux to the Amazon.Until now, the particular link between the Bodélé and the Amazon forest was based on sparse satellite measurements and modeling studies. In this study, we combine a detailed analysis of space-borne and ground data with reanalysis model data and surface measurements taken in the central Amazon during the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment (AMAZE-08) in order to explore the validity and the nature of the proposed link between the Bodélé depression and the Amazon forest.This case study follows the dust events of 11-16 and 18-27 February 2008, from the emission in the Bodélé over West Africa (most likely with contribution from other dust sources in the region) the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, to the observed effects above the Amazon canopy about 10 days after the emission. The dust was lifted by surface winds stronger than 14 m s −1 , usually starting early in the morning. TheCorrespondence to: Y. Ben-Ami (yuval.ben-ami@weizmann.ac.il) lofted dust, mixed with biomass burning aerosols over Nigeria, was transported over the Atlantic Ocean, and arrived over the South American continent. The top of the aerosol layer reached above 3 km, and the bottom merged with the boundary layer. The arrival of the dusty air parcel over the Amazon forest increased the average concentration of aerosol crustal elements by an order of magnitude.

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“…Measurements of mass concentrations of different aerosol compounds and their diurnal variations in the Amazon boundary layer have provided important knowledge of biogenic aerosol sources in the Amazon Basin (e.g. Artaxo and Maenhaut, 1990;Artaxo and Hansson, 1995;Graham et al, 2003a). However, diurnal variations in concentration of particularly those compounds that have their source at the surface are to a large extent driven by diurnal variations in boundary layer dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission and dry deposition of accumulation mode particles in the Amazon Basin

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Size-resolved vertical aerosol number fluxes of particles in the diameter range 0.25-2.5 µm were measured with the eddy covariance method from a 53 m high tower over the Amazon rain forest, 60 km NNW of Manaus, Brazil. This study focuses on data measured during the relatively clean wet season, but a shorter measurement period from the more polluted dry season is used as a comparison. Size-resolved net particle fluxes of the five lowest size bins, representing 0.25-0.45 µm in diameter, were in general dominated by deposition in more or less all wind sectors in the wet season. This is an indication that the source of primary biogenic aerosol particles may be small in this particle size range. Transfer velocities within this particle size range were observed to increase linearly with increasing friction velocity and increasing particle diameter.In the diameter range 0.5-2.5 µm, vertical particle fluxes were highly dependent on wind direction. In wind sectors where anthropogenic influence was low, net upward fluxes were observed. However, in wind sectors associated with higher anthropogenic influence, deposition fluxes dominated. The net upward fluxes were interpreted as a result of primary biogenic aerosol emission, but deposition of anthropogenic particles seems to have masked this emission in wind sectors with higher anthropogenic influence. The net emission fluxes were at maximum in the afternoon when the mixed layer is well developed, and were best correlated with horizontal wind speed according to the equationwhere F is the net emission number flux of 0.5-2.5 µm particles [m −2 s −1 ] and U is the horizontal wind speed [ms −1 ] at the top of the tower.

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Size distribution of biogenic aerosol particles from the amazon basin

Cited by 120 publications

References 34 publications

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements in a remote site in Central Amazonia: the role of biogenic contribution

Aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements in a remote site in Central Amazonia: the role of biogenic contribution

Transport of North African dust from the Bodélé depression to the Amazon Basin: a case study

Emission and dry deposition of accumulation mode particles in the Amazon Basin

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