Size distribution, chemical composition and oxidation reactivity of particulate matter from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with ethanol-gasoline fuel

Luo, Yueqi; Zhu, Lei; Fang, Jinghuai; Zhuang, Zhuyue; Guan, Chun; Chen, Xia; Xie, Xiaomin; Huang, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.060

Cited by 107 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The main reason for these results is that biodiesel is oxygenated fuel, which easily forms reactive oxygen species during combustion; therefore, biodiesel promotes the oxidation of basic carbon particles and reduces the particulate size. This study shows that the addition of oxygenated fuels led to a decrease in particulate size and that the smaller particles had a higher surface/volume ratio in contact with oxygen; therefore, the soot was oxidized more easily [50].…”

Section: Average Radius and Size Distribution Of Particulates At Smalmentioning

confidence: 79%

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Zhong

Liu

2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this article, the particulates formed by the combustion of diesel, 20% and 50% biodiesel blended in diesel (denoted as B20 and B50, respectively), and biodiesel were collected. The micromorphologies of the particulates were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the small‐angle X‐ray scattering technique was used to analyze the gyration radius, size distribution, interfacial characteristics, and fractal characteristics of the particulates. The results show that the size of the particulates formed by combustion of the fuels was concentrated between 10 and 35 nm and obeyed a Gaussian distribution. Moreover, the addition of biodiesel to diesel led to smaller particulate sizes for the biodiesel/diesel blend: the mean radii of the particulates for diesel, B20, B50, and biodiesel were 11.5 nm, 10.8 nm, 10.2 nm, and 9.7 nm, respectively. In addition, an interfacial layer was observed between the particulates, and the average interfacial thickness of the particulates was between 1.54 and 1.89 nm. The mass fractal dimension of the particulates was between 0.2 and 2.5, and the surface fractal dimension of the particulates was between 2.1 and 2.9. The addition of biodiesel to diesel resulted in a more compact particulate structure and the rougher surface. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019

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Section: Average Radius and Size Distribution Of Particulates At Smalmentioning

confidence: 79%

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Zhong

Liu

2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…In Beijing and northern China, the vehicle emissions have become a more concerning issue in terms of air pollution when the emissions from coal combustion were seriously reduced after the Clean Air Action Plan in Beijing since 2017 Chen et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019a). In spite of this, regional transport of coal-burning emissions from the surrounding areas can still influence the urban air sometimes severely in winter (Ma et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and size of the particles emitted from a gasoline-direct-injection-engine vehicle and their ageing in an environmental chamber

et al. 2020

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Air pollution is particularly severe in developing megacities, such as Beijing, where vehicles equipped with modern gasoline-direct-injection (GDI) engines are becoming one of major sources of the pollution. This study presents the characteristics of individual particles emitted by a GDI vehicle and their ageing in a smog chamber under the Beijing urban environment, as part of the Atmospheric Pollution & Human Health (APHH) research programme. Using transmission electron microscopy, we identified the particles emitted from a commercial GDI-engine vehicle running under various conditions, namely cold-start, hotstart, hot stabilized running, idle, and acceleration states. Our results showed that most of the particles were organic, soot, and Ca-rich ones, with small quantities of S-rich and metal-containing particles. In terms of particle size, the particles exhibited a bimodal distribution in number vs size, with one mode at 800-900 nm and the other at 140-240 nm. The numbers of organic particles emitted under hot-start and hot stabilized states were higher than those emitted under other conditions. The number of soot particles was higher under cold-start and acceleration states. Under the idle state, the proportion of Ca-rich particles was highest, although their absolute number was low. In addition to quantifying the types of particles emitted by the engine, we studied the ageing of the particles during 3.5 h of photochemical oxidation in an environmental chamber under the Beijing urban environment. Ageing transformed soot particles into core-shell structures, coated by secondary organic species, while the content of sulfur in Ca-rich and organic particles increased. Overall, the majority of particles from GDI-engine vehicles were organic and soot particles with submicron or nanometric size. The particles were highly reactive; they reacted in the atmosphere and changed their morphology and composition within hours via catalysed acidification that involved gaseous pollutants at high pollution levels in Beijing.Highlights.-GDI-engine vehicles emitted a large amount of both primary and secondary organic aerosol (SOA).-Higher numbers of organic particles were emitted under hot stabilized running and hot-start states.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2782 J. Xing et al.: Characteristics and ageing of particles from gasoline vehicle -Sulfate and secondary organic aerosol formed on the surface of primary particles after ageing.-Particles aged rapidly by catalysed acidification under high pollution levels in Beijing.

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“…PM formation is the reason of the development of elemental carbon soot and condensation of hydrocarbons [106]. Since emitted HC is absorbed in the surface of PMs, thereby increasing the soluble organic fraction, which is a main ingredient of the PMs [110], PM emissions increase as the HC emissions increase [111]. In this study, the HC emissions were decreased by up to 84.6% compared to those of CD, and that of BD20 was dropped by up to 26-41% compared to that of CD.…”

Section: Exhaust Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of kinematic viscosity variation with blended-oil biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emission in a power tiller engine

Woo

Kim

2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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The optimum conditions for producing biodiesel by combining beef tallow, a waste resource with high saturated fatty acid content, and soybean oil, which has high unsaturated fatty acid content, were investigated. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity reduction effects of biodiesel by using heating and ultrasonic irradiation were verified, and their impacts on engine performance and exhaust emissions were evaluated. The result shows that the optimum production conditions are a blend ratio of TASO3 (soybean oil to tallow blend ratio of 7:3) and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1. Kinematic viscosity reduction experiment results showed that the kinematic viscosity reduction effects of ultrasonic irradiation and heating were similar, but the heating device is considered more effective because it is simpler and cheaper than the ultrasonic device. Experiment results on output performance and exhaust performance showed that the engine performance and exhaust performance of the fuel with reduced kinematic viscosity were higher than those of the untreated fuel. However, the output of biodiesel was lower than those of conventional diesel (CD) due to the low calorific value of biodiesel; the NOx and CO2 emissions of biodiesel were higher than those of CD, but the CO and HC emissions of biodiesel were lower.

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Size distribution, chemical composition and oxidation reactivity of particulate matter from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with ethanol-gasoline fuel

Cited by 107 publications

References 36 publications

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Study on the Structure Characteristics of Diesel Engine Particulates Based on Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Morphology and size of the particles emitted from a gasoline-direct-injection-engine vehicle and their ageing in an environmental chamber

Effect of kinematic viscosity variation with blended-oil biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emission in a power tiller engine

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