Conservation of horseshoe crab is currently done by several ecological and biotechnological approaches. The species is considered a multiple-use resource, as it plays an important role as bait in a commercial fishery, as a source of an important biomedical product, as an important food source for multiple species of migratory shorebirds, as well as in several other minor, but important, uses. Concern has arisen that horseshoe crabs may be declining in number. In this report we have discussed the general biology, ecology, and population status of the horseshoe crab species inhabiting the shore of Chandipur (Orissa). We have also discussed the role played by the species in the commercial fishery, in the biomedical industry, as well as for the shorebirds. An account of the strategy of horseshoe crab conservation is also included in context to establishment of fish landing station at Chandipur (Orissa).