Size dependent single particle and chemical bulk analysis of droplets and interstitial particles in an orographic cloud

Simultaneous Detection of Positive and Negative Ions From Single Airborne Particles by Real-time Laser Mass Spectrometry

“…6). These particles can be identified as soot particles which are observed predominantly in the submicrometer range (Gieray et al 1993;Xhoffer et al 1991). The carbonaceous particles act as condensation nuclei for different compounds.…”

“…The third potassium particle type PN4 (see Fig. 5 ) dominated by KE-ISO,, KNO,, NH,HSO, and NH,NO, represents a typical "secondary7' aerosol (Gieray et al 1993). The occurrence of potassium with nitrate and sulfate can be explained by the transformation of KC1 (e.g., from sea salt) with H,SO, and HNO,.…”

“…Calcium is a typical mineral dust element, and its coincident occurrence with nitrate (PN2) is highly correlated with the course mode of the continental aerosol (Gieray et al 1993). Calcium sulfate particles (PN5) are often found in both marine and continental aerosols (positive and negative spectrum see Fig.…”

“…Many investigations were published in the recent years concerning aerosol particle size distributions and particle composition (Mauney et al 1984;Bruynseels et al 1988;Kolaitis et al 1989;Wouters et al 1990;Xhoffer et al 1991Xhoffer et al , 1992Xhoffer et al , 1992aArtaxo et al 1992;Dierck et al 1992;Gieray et al 1993). These measurements were carried out in an off-line mode, meaning that particles were sampled, transported, and prepared for later analysis.…”

“…This particle size range is of special interest with respect to human health (USEPA 1982) and atmospheric chemistry (Jaenicke 1988;Gieray et al 1993). In the particle size region below 200 nm in diameter on-line measurements are rather complicated due to the inherent .problems of small-particle detection and vaporization/ionization.…”