Size-controlling interstocks affect growth vigour by downregulating photosynthesis in eight-year-old ‘Red Fuji’ apple trees

Zhou, Yanmin; Hayat, Faisal; Yao, Jiaojiao; Tian, Xue; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Xinzhong; Wei, Li; Wu, Ting; Han, Zhenhai; Xu, Xuefeng; Qiu, Changwei

doi:10.17660/ejhs.2021/86.2.5

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Earlier research has shown that plants grafted on taller rootstocks displayed increased primary shoot lengths and scion trunk diameter [42]. On the other hand, dwarfing rootstocks or interstock modify shoot architecture by reducing the values of morphological traits such as primary shoot length, node number, sylleptic shoot, and intermodal length [25,43,44]. In the present experiment, we noticed that the 'Shatangju' scion cultivar grafted onto the 'Flying Dragon' rootstock encouraged the small stature trees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Influence of Citrus Rootstocks on Scion Growth, Hormone Levels, and Metabolites Profile of ‘Shatangju’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Hayat

Wen

et al. 2022

Horticulturae

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Dwarfing rootstocks are a valuable genetic resource for managing high-density plantations. The selection of the appropriate scion/rootstock combination is key to improving crop performance and sustainable production in a particular environment and specific training systems. ‘Shatangju’ mandarin scion cultivar grafted onto ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock tends to be dwarfing and develops short stature plants. To obtain insight into potential mechanisms underlying rootstock-induced dwarfing effects, we conducted a rootstock trial to examine the influence of 11 different rootstocks based on their growth vigor, antioxidants, and hormonal levels of the scion cultivar. The phenotypic observations revealed that size reduction in the ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock is due to lower node number, shorter internodal length, and a reduced trunk diameter of the scion compared with more vigorous rootstocks. Antioxidant analysis showed that ‘Shatangju’ mandarin grafted onto ’Flying Dragon’ and ‘Trifoliate Orange’ rootstock had significantly lower peroxidase (POD) activity than other tested rootstocks. The hormonal analysis indicated that there were markedly lower amounts of abscisic acid (ABA) in ‘Shatangju’ mandarin grafted with ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock. In addition, trees grafted with ‘Sour Pummelo’ and ‘Flying Dragon’ depicted minimum amounts of gibberellins (GA24). Moreover, several metabolites associated with organic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, and alkaloids responded differently in plants grafted with ‘Flying Dragon’ (dwarfing) and ‘Shatang Mandarin’ (vigorous) rootstocks. This study concluded that ‘Flying Dragon’ rootstock with a strong dwarfing effect has been proposed to improve high-density cultivation methods. These findings will provide useful insights for future research associated with rootstock-mediated dwarfing mechanisms of citrus rootstocks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Influence of Citrus Rootstocks on Scion Growth, Hormone Levels, and Metabolites Profile of ‘Shatangju’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Hayat

Wen

et al. 2022

Horticulturae

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“…Net photosynthesis rates of leaves of vigorous rootstocks are higher than dwarfing rootstocks [ 95 ]. The photosynthetic capacity is downregulated by dwarfing interstocks in ‘Red Fuji’ apple scions [ 96 ]. Two QTLs, Dw1 and Dw2, are responsible for the dwarfing effect in apple rootstock [ 97 ].…”

Section: Effects Of the Rootstock On Different Horticultural Traits I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees

Habibi

Liu

Folta

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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Grafting is a widely used practice for asexual propagation of fruit trees. Many physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes occur upon grafting that can influence important horticultural traits. This technology has many advantages, including avoidance of juvenility, modifying the scion architecture, improving productivity, adapting scion cultivars to unfavourable environmental conditions, and developing traits in resistance to insect pests, bacterial and fungal diseases. A limitation of grafting is scion-rootstock incompatibility. It may be caused by many factors, including insufficient genetic proximity, physiological or biochemical factors, lignification at the graft union, poor graft architecture, insufficient cell recognition between union tissues, and metabolic differences in the scion and the rootstock. Plant hormones, like auxin, ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) orchestrate several crucial physiological and biochemical processes happening at the site of the graft union. Additionally, epigenetic changes at the union affect chromatin architecture by DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules. The mechanism triggering these effects likely is affected by hormonal crosstalk, protein and small molecules movement, nutrients uptake, and transport in the grafted trees. This review provides an overview of the basis of physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of fruit tree grafting between scion and rootstock.

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“…Interstock grafting is utilized in many fruit trees ( Table 3 ), including citrus trees, as a sustainable approach to controlling plant height, dwarfing traits, and fruit quality [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. According to previous studies, interstock and rootstock could be utilized jointly to overcome compatibility issues between the scion cultivar and rootstock [ 60 ].…”

Section: Dwarfing Citrus Rootstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review of Citrus Rootstocks and Their Role in High-Density Orchards

Hayat

Iqbal

et al. 2022

Plants

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Dwarfing is an important agricultural trait for intensive cultivation and effective orchard management in modern fruit orchards. Commercial citrus production relies on grafting with rootstocks that reduce tree vigor to control plant height. Citrus growers all over the world have been attracted to dwarfing trees because of their potential for higher planting density, increased productivity, easy harvest, pruning, and efficient spraying. Dwarfing rootstocks can be used to achieve high density. As a result, the use and development of dwarfing rootstocks are important. Breeding programs in several countries have led to the production of citrus dwarf rootstocks. For example, the dwarfing rootstocks ‘Flying Dragon’, ‘FA 517’, ‘HTR-051’, ‘US-897’, and ‘Red tangerine’ cultivated in various regions allow the design of dense orchards. Additionally, dwarf or short-stature trees were obtained using interstocks, citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd) and various chemical applications. This review summarizes what is known about dwarf citrus rootstocks and the mechanisms underlying rootstock–scion interactions. Despite advances in recent decades, many questions regarding rootstock-induced scion development remain unanswered. Citrus rootstocks with dwarfing potential have been investigated regarding physiological aspects, hormonal communication, mineral uptake capacity, and horticultural performance. This study lays the foundation for future research into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying citrus dwarfing.

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Size-controlling interstocks affect growth vigour by downregulating photosynthesis in eight-year-old ‘Red Fuji’ apple trees

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Influence of Citrus Rootstocks on Scion Growth, Hormone Levels, and Metabolites Profile of ‘Shatangju’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Influence of Citrus Rootstocks on Scion Growth, Hormone Levels, and Metabolites Profile of ‘Shatangju’ Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees

A Mini Review of Citrus Rootstocks and Their Role in High-Density Orchards

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