Abstract:The Fama-French three-factor model (Fama & French, 1993) has been subject to extensive testing on samples of US and European nonfinancial firms over several time windows. The most accepted evidence is that size premium (SMB) and value premium (HML) other than the market risk premium help explain cross-section and time-series changes in stock returns. However, scholars have always paid little attention to the financial industry because of the intrinsic differences between financial and nonfinancial firm… Show more
“…Market metrics enable diverse benchmarks and data triangulation, promoting balanced and objective performance evaluations [14]. To measure the impact of market value, book-to-market ratio [60] and price-to-earnings ratio [7]. These indicators are widely explicitly used by financial companies.…”
The subject of the study is to use an extensive literature review to evaluate how academic research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is developing. The journals and papers in the ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Taylor&Francis databases served as the foundation for this literature review.The purpose of the study is to highlight essential papers, referenced journals’ importance, and potential future study directions. Determinants that impact the CSR performance of an organization are governance, profitability, firm characteristics, and minimum expenditure. The impact of CSR has been measured using accounting-based market value, risk, excess return on a stock, and moral capital. All the variables are discussed with strongly supported literature and then concluded by giving a framework.The novelty of our study is that it analyses new research trends while concentrating on the CSR research frontiers.The conclusion identifies possible areas for scientists to further develop their expertise, including sustainable and responsible financing and ESG strategy.
“…Market metrics enable diverse benchmarks and data triangulation, promoting balanced and objective performance evaluations [14]. To measure the impact of market value, book-to-market ratio [60] and price-to-earnings ratio [7]. These indicators are widely explicitly used by financial companies.…”
The subject of the study is to use an extensive literature review to evaluate how academic research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is developing. The journals and papers in the ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Taylor&Francis databases served as the foundation for this literature review.The purpose of the study is to highlight essential papers, referenced journals’ importance, and potential future study directions. Determinants that impact the CSR performance of an organization are governance, profitability, firm characteristics, and minimum expenditure. The impact of CSR has been measured using accounting-based market value, risk, excess return on a stock, and moral capital. All the variables are discussed with strongly supported literature and then concluded by giving a framework.The novelty of our study is that it analyses new research trends while concentrating on the CSR research frontiers.The conclusion identifies possible areas for scientists to further develop their expertise, including sustainable and responsible financing and ESG strategy.
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