Size and structure evolution of kaolin–Al(OH)3 flocs in the electroflocculation process: A study using static light scattering

Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of aluminum sulfate with cationic polyamidine as coagulant aid for kaolin-humic acid treatment

“…Higher S f means less sensitive to breakage and larger R f shows better recoverability of floc after being subjected to high shear force. Floc fractal dimension is measured by Laser Light Scattering in this study [26]. In this technology, the relationship among scattered light intensity I, the scattering vector Q and floc fractal dimension D f can be described as follows:…”

Flocculation of copper(II) and tetracycline from water using a novel pH- and temperature-responsive flocculants

“…Particle size and fractal dimension (D F ) of flocs were analyzed by a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 Particle Size & Size Distribution Analyzer based on light scattering technique in Supporting Information Text S3 as reported in previous work (Harif and Adin, 2011;Yang et al, 2012b). Larger D F , represented higher space-filling capacity of flocs, was preferred in flocculation because of easier handling and smaller floc volumes.…”

Natural organic matter (NOM) removal by electrochemical methods — A review

“…Harif and Adin [82] examined the first time size and structural evolution of flocs formed in during EC, using a static light scattering technique to elucidate kinetic aspects of the process. EC was found to be capable of generating a range of flocs and their growth rates and structural characteristics were highly dependent on the operating conditions.…”