“…However, there are some problems arising from conventional freezing that endanger the quality of frozen foods, particularly the large size formations of ice crystals [1,2,6]. This lead to a serious reduction of quality parameters such as protein content, lipid oxidation, moisture, texture, tenderness, flavor, and color [4]. It was demonstrated that the shape and size of ice crystals depends on freezing rate; therefore, in order to form the extra-and intra-cellular ice nuclei rapidly to prevent the cell damage, the fast freezing rate technologies have been developing such as ultra-low temperature freezing [2].…”