Size and Frequency of Leaf Stomata in Cultivars of Triticum aestivum and Other Triticum Species1

Teare, I. D.; Peterson, C. J.; Law, A. G.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183x001100040010x

Cited by 63 publications

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“…Also in Populus spp S D was positively correlated with stomatal conductance (Pearce et al 2006). However, in other studies, stomatal density did not significantly affect g s or photosynthetic rates (Teare et al 1971;Miskin et al 1972;Bakker 1991). The fact that a positive relationship was found between S D and tree height is consistent with the hypothesis that S D is influenced by the light environment (Casson and Gray 2008).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Density, size and distribution of stomata in 35 rainforest tree species in Central Amazonia

Camargo

Marenco

2011

Acta Amaz.

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Stomata are turgor-operated valves that control water loss and CO 2 uptake during photosynthesis, and thereby water relation and plant biomass accumulation is closely related to stomatal functioning. The aims of this work were to document how stomata are distributed on the leaf surface and to determine if there is any significant variation in stomatal characteristics among Amazonian tree species, and finally to study the relationship between stomatal density (S D ) and tree height. Thirty five trees (>17 m tall) of different species were selected. Stomatal type, density (S D ), size (S S ) and stomatal distribution on the leaf surface were determined using nail polish imprints taken from both leaf surfaces. Irrespective of tree species, stomata were located only on the abaxial surface (hypostomaty), with large variation in both S D and S S among species. S D ranged from 110 mm -2 in Neea altissima to 846 mm -2 in Qualea acuminata. However, in most species S D ranges between 271 and 543 mm -2 , with a negative relationship between S D and S S . We also found a positive relationship between S D and tree height (r 2 = 0.14, p < 0.01), but no correlation was found between S D and leaf thickness. The most common stomatal type was anomocytic (37%), followed by paracytic (26%) and anisocytic (11%). We conclude that in Amazonian tree species, stomatal distribution on the leaf surface is a response most likely dependent on the genetic background of every species, rather than a reaction to environmental changes, and that somehow S D is influenced by environmental factors dependent on tree height. Keywords: Amazonia, hypostomatous leaves, stomatal density, stomatal length, tropical rainforest. Densidade, tamanho e distribuição estomática em 35 espécies de árvores na Amazônia Central resumoEstômatos são válvulas operadas a turgor que controlam a perda de água e a captura de CO 2 durante a fotossíntese. Assim, as relações hídricas e o acumulo de biomassa vegetal são fortemente influenciadas pelo funcionamento estomático. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: documentar como os estômatos estão distribuídos na superfície foliar e determinar se existe variação das características estomáticas entre espécies da Amazônia, estudar a relação entre densidade estomática (S D ) e altura arbórea. Trinta e cinco árvores (>17 m de altura) de diferentes espécies foram selecionadas. Tipo de complexo estomático, S D , tamanho (S S ) e distribuição na superfície foliar foram determinados utilizando impressões de ambas as superfícies foliares com esmalte incolor. Independente da espécie, os estômatos foram encontrados apenas na superfície abaxial (hipoestomatia) com ampla variação na S D e no S S entre espécies. A densidade estomática variou de 110 mm -2 em Neea altissima a 846 mm -2 em Qualea acuminata. Entretanto, a maioria das espécies apresentou S D entre 271 e 543 mm -2 , com uma relação negativa entre S D e S S. Observou-se uma relação positiva entre S D e altura arbórea (r 2 = 0.14, p < 0.01), não havendo relação entre S D e espess...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Density, size and distribution of stomata in 35 rainforest tree species in Central Amazonia

Camargo

Marenco

2011

Acta Amaz.

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“…The guard cells that surround the stomata contain chloroplasts, and are therefore able to increase their sugar concentration; this, in turn, causes water absorption and swelling of the cells [30,31]. In addition, stomatal conductance depends on leaf characteristics such as size, number, and stomatal density [32][33][34]. The rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Anatomical Variations in Rheophytic Ecotype of Violet, Viola mandshurica var. ikedaeana (Violaceae)

Matsui¹,

Takei²,

Ohga³

et al. 2013

AJPS

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We compared the leaf morphology and anatomy of the putative rheophytic ecotype of Viola mandshurica W. Becker var. ikedaeana (W. Becker ex Taken.) F. Maek. and its closely related variety, V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. We showed that the leaf of the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana was narrower than that of V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. Moreover, the leaf thickness and guard cell size of the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana were significantly larger than those of V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. We further showed that leaves of the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana contained fewer cells than did those of V. mandshurica var. mandshurica. Our results suggest that the narrower leaves of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana are caused by a decrease in the number of cells. A narrower leaf may enable the rheophytic ecotype of V. mandshurica var. ikedaeana to resist the strong flow of water that occurs after heavy rainfall, while a thicker leaf may enhance tolerance to desiccation and highintensity light.

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“…Optical microscopy on first-daughter cladodes grown in growth chambers was performed using a Olympus CHS according to Teare et al (1971). Stomata was then observed at 403 and each final stomatal frequency was the mean of five randomly chosen microscopic fields for each replicate.…”

Section: Stomatal Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO₂ in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

Gomez‐Casanovas¹,

Blanc‐Betes²,

Gonzàlez-Meler³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiol.

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Studies on long-term effects of plants grown at elevated CO 2 are scarce and mechanisms of such responses are largely unknown. To gain mechanistic understanding on respiratory acclimation to elevated CO 2 , the Crassulacean acid metabolism Mediterranean invasive Opuntia ficus-indica Miller was grown at various CO 2 concentrations. Respiration rates, maximum activity of cytochrome c oxidase, and active mitochondrial number consistently decreased in plants grown at elevated CO 2 during the 9 months of the study when compared to ambient plants. Plant growth at elevated CO 2 also reduced cytochrome pathway activity, but increased the activity of the alternative pathway. Despite all these effects seen in plants grown at high CO 2 , the specific oxygen uptake rate per unit of active mitochondria was the same for plants grown at ambient and elevated CO 2 . Although decreases in photorespiration activity have been pointed out as a factor contributing to the long-term acclimation of plant respiration to growth at elevated CO 2 , the homeostatic maintenance of specific respiratory rate per unit of mitochondria in response to high CO 2 suggests that photorespiratory activity may play a small role on the long-term acclimation of respiration to elevated CO 2 . However, despite growth enhancement and as a result of the inhibition in cytochrome pathway activity by elevated CO 2 , total mitochondrial ATP production was decreased by plant growth at elevated CO 2 when compared to ambient-grown plants. Because plant growth at elevated CO 2 increased biomass but reduced respiratory machinery, activity, and ATP yields while maintaining O 2 consumption rates per unit of mitochondria, we suggest that acclimation to elevated CO 2 results from physiological adjustment of respiration to tissue ATP demand, which may not be entirely driven by nitrogen metabolism as previously suggested.

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Size and Frequency of Leaf Stomata in Cultivars of Triticum aestivum and Other Triticum Species¹

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Density, size and distribution of stomata in 35 rainforest tree species in Central Amazonia

Density, size and distribution of stomata in 35 rainforest tree species in Central Amazonia

Morphological and Anatomical Variations in Rheophytic Ecotype of Violet, Viola mandshurica var. <i>ikedaeana</i> (Violaceae)

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO₂ in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

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Size and Frequency of Leaf Stomata in Cultivars of Triticum aestivum and Other Triticum Species1

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Density, size and distribution of stomata in 35 rainforest tree species in Central Amazonia

Density, size and distribution of stomata in 35 rainforest tree species in Central Amazonia

Morphological and Anatomical Variations in Rheophytic Ecotype of Violet, Viola mandshurica var. &lt;i&gt;ikedaeana&lt;/i&gt; (Violaceae)

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO2 in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

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Size and Frequency of Leaf Stomata in Cultivars of Triticum aestivum and Other Triticum Species¹

Morphological and Anatomical Variations in Rheophytic Ecotype of Violet, Viola mandshurica var. <i>ikedaeana</i> (Violaceae)

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO₂ in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica