Sixty years of electrochemical optical spectroscopy: a retrospective

Abstract

After sixty years of development, electrochemical optical spectroscopy has evolved from the early phase of proof-of-concept to an advanced phase with various spectroscopic modes and has contributed significantly to the field of electrochemistry.

Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry

“…Another strategy to detect and characterize (single) molecules during an electrochemical process on the surface of an electrode is utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) or tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). Recent developments and details into the enhancement mechanisms as well as substrate requirements have been summarized in recent reviews on electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) and TERS and will not be covered here. − One of many notable approaches in this field is the development of shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) invented by Li et al in 2010, where the detection of highly enhanced Raman signals for potential-dependent hydrogen adsorption on Pt(111) electrode was achieved by using ultrathin and pinhole-free SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 coated Au nanoparticles as SERS substrates . Continued efforts have pushed toward designing new SHINERS-type nanostructures in order to improve the enhancement of the Raman signals even further .…”

“…Recent developments and details into the enhancement mechanisms as well as substrate requirements have been summarized in recent reviews on electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) and TERS and will not be covered here. − One of many notable approaches in this field is the development of shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) invented by Li et al in 2010, where the detection of highly enhanced Raman signals for potential-dependent hydrogen adsorption on Pt(111) electrode was achieved by using ultrathin and pinhole-free SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 coated Au nanoparticles as SERS substrates . Continued efforts have pushed toward designing new SHINERS-type nanostructures in order to improve the enhancement of the Raman signals even further . Recently, Boccorh et al introduced well-controlled polymer-coated Au nanoparticles and Au nanostars as new nanostructures for SERS experiments .…”

“… 237 Continued efforts have pushed toward designing new SHINERS-type nanostructures in order to improve the enhancement of the Raman signals even further. 234 Recently, Boccorh et al introduced well-controlled polymer-coated Au nanoparticles and Au nanostars as new nanostructures for SERS experiments. 238 With in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements, the authors found that the core–shell nanostructures were capable of enhancing SERS signals as single, isolated particles rather than aggregates, which then allowed localization of single particles on the substrate through reconstructed images.…”