Sixty years of antimicrobial use in animals: what is next?

Guardabassi, Luca

doi:10.1136/vr.f7276

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Transectoral and transdisciplinary approaches are a “must-do” to tackle AMR appropriately. A reduction in AMU was not always followed by a decline in AMR, as demonstrated in the case of VRE ( 6 ). Reducing the dissemination and transmission of resistant bacteria within and between animal and human populations is central when aiming to fight AMR.…”

Section: The Ecology Of Amr and The Need For A One-health Approachmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In veterinary medicine, antimicrobials play a crucial role in the maintenance of animal health, animal welfare, and food-safety ( 3 ). However, a not yet quantifiable share of the burden of resistance for public health is attributable to the use of antimicrobials in livestock production ( 4 – 6 ). Farm animals are exposed to considerable quantities of antimicrobials ( 7 ) and can act as an important reservoir of AMR genes, which could be transmitted to humans through the food chain, direct animal contact and the environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock: Where Should We Focus?

et al. 2017

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Section: The Ecology Of Amr and The Need For A One-health Approachmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock: Where Should We Focus?

et al. 2017

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“…The media has implicated the overuse of antimicrobials in pigs as being responsible for antimicrobial resistance in human beings (Levitt 2011a, Harvey 2013) through the zoonotic transfer of resistant pathogens from animals to human beings. However, others contend that there is little evidence to support such transfer being anything but an infrequent event (Bailar and Travers 2002, McEwen 2012, Guardabassi 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding antimicrobial use and prescribing behaviours by pig veterinary surgeons and farmers: a qualitative study

et al. 2014

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Increasing awareness of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in human beings and veterinary medicine has raised concerns over the issue of overprescribing and the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Their use in food-producing animals is under scrutiny due to the perceived risk from the zoonotic transfer of resistant pathogens from animals to human beings. This study used focus groups to explore the drivers and motivators behind antimicrobial use and prescribing by veterinary surgeons and farmers in the pig industry in the UK. Studies of two veterinary and four farmer focus groups were undertaken, each with between three and six participants, in three geographically distinct regions of low, moderate and high pig density in England. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcriptions revealed convergent themes, both within and across, the veterinary and farmer focus groups. Veterinary opinion was such that 'external pressures', such as pressure from clients, legislation and public perception, were considered to strongly influence prescribing behaviour, whereas, farmers considered issues surrounding farming systems and management to be greater drivers towards antimicrobial use. Acquiring such in-depth insight into the antimicrobial prescribing behaviours in veterinary medicine provides more detailed understanding of prescribing practice and will aid the development of interventions to promote the responsible use of antimicrobials.

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“…Amid concerns that the loss of antibiotic efficacy will have dire consequences for human morbidity and mortality, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive and global strategy to forestall the development of resistance to antibiotics by bacterial pathogens (3,4). Action must include steps to promote the judicious use of antibiotics in human medicine and in animal production and to mitigate terrestrial and aquatic exposure to antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes carried in agricultural wastes, effluents from municipal wastewater treatment, and effluents from antibiotic manufacturing factories (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Safely Coupling Livestock and Crop Production Systems: How Rapidly Do Antibiotic Resistance Genes Dissipate in Soil following a Commercial Application of Swine or Dairy Manure?

Marti

Tien

Murray

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

115

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Animal manures recycled onto crop production land carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The present study evaluated the fate in soil of selected genes associated with antibiotic resistance or genetic mobility in field plots cropped to vegetables and managed according to normal farming practice. Referenced to unmanured soil, fertilization with swine or dairy manure increased the relative abundance of the gene targets sul1, erm(B), str(B), int1, and IncW repA. Following manure application in the spring of 2012, gene copy number decayed exponentially, reaching background levels by the fall of 2012. In contrast, gene copy number following manure application in the fall of 2012 or spring of 2013 increased significantly in the weeks following application and then declined. In both cases, the relative abundance of gene copy numbers had not returned to background levels by the fall of 2013. Overall, these results suggest that under conditions characteristic of agriculture in a humid continental climate, a 1-year period following a commercial application of raw manure is sufficient to ensure that an additional soil burden of antibiotic resistance genes approaches background. The relative abundance of several gene targets exceeded background during the growing season following a spring application or an application done the previous fall. Results from the present study reinforce the advisability of treating manure prior to use in crop production systems.

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Sixty years of antimicrobial use in animals: what is next?

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock: Where Should We Focus?

Antimicrobial Usage and -Resistance in Livestock: Where Should We Focus?

Understanding antimicrobial use and prescribing behaviours by pig veterinary surgeons and farmers: a qualitative study

Safely Coupling Livestock and Crop Production Systems: How Rapidly Do Antibiotic Resistance Genes Dissipate in Soil following a Commercial Application of Swine or Dairy Manure?

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