Sixth-century AD glassware from Jelica, Serbia—an increasingly complex picture of late antiquity glass composition

Balvanović, R.; Šmit, Ž.

doi:10.1007/s12520-020-01031-3

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Vectors of oxides: Na 2 O, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , K 2 O, CaO, TiO 2 , MnO, and Fe 2 O 3 lower left. Data sources: (Jelica Foy 3.2—[ 1 , 2 ]; Foy 3.2, Foy 2.1—[ 3 ]; Kosmaj K1—[ 4 ]; Caričin grad—[ 5 ]; Bulg. 5th century—[ 7 ]; Butrint HIMT 2—[ 8 ]; Roman Sb Carthage—[ 10 ]; Roman AD/N1, AD/N2—[ 14 ]; Roman Ic1a—[ 15 ]; Roman CL1/2—[ 16 ]).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Averages are straight lines, and standard deviations are dotted lines. Data sources: [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 19 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MgO contents in série 3.2-type glasses ( c )–from the fourth to eight century western Mediterranean and Europe (blue), second to fifth century Balkans (yellow), and sixth century Balkans, in all 213 glasses from 18 different groups (green). Data sources: [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 17 , 19 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percentages of Fe-rich glasses among Foy 2.1 glasses by the region ( a ); percentages of Fe-rich glasses among Foy 2.1 glasses by object type ( b ). Data sources: [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 23 , 24 , 28 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, we described a new glass assemblage from the sixth-century from the Byzantine settlement of Jelica in Serbia [ 1 , 2 ]. This manganese-decolorized glass, typical of late antiquity, is characterized as Foy 3.2 and Foy 2.1 [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Glass Industry Patterns in Late Antiquity Balkans and Beyond: New Analytical Findings on Foy 3.2 and Foy 2.1 Glass Types

Balvanović

Šmit

2022

Materials

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Resolving issues posed by our paper describing the late antiquity glass from Jelica (Serbia), we performed a thorough analysis of similar glass, systematically collected from the literature. The analysis showed that Foy 3.2 type evolved gradually from a composition similar to the Roman antimony-decolorized glass to a composition approaching Foy 2.1, lasting longer (second−seventh century AD) and spreading wider than originally described, including large parts of the Balkans, France interior, Germany, and Britain. The center of its distribution seems to be the Balkans and Italy. During the sixth century, Foy 3.2 glasses in the Balkans showed a significant increase of average MgO concentration compared to the earlier period and Foy 3.2 glasses outside the Balkans, implying different sand quarries and perhaps different trade routes for its imports. Recycling criteria for Foy 3.2 glass has been established. Similarly, 125 high-iron Foy 2.1 glasses are selected from the literature. They cluster within two groups regarding iron concentrations, which we term high iron (HI) and very high iron (VHI) Foy 2.1. In addition, there is a low lime subgroup of the VHI group, termed VHILL. The paper offers two possible explanations for the elevated iron, color branding, and different silica sources. High-iron glasses seem relatively evenly spread across the entire Mediterranean and its interior, representing, on average, around a quarter of the local Foy 2.1 assemblages. The percentages of high-iron samples are almost double in manufactured glass compared to raw glass, suggesting that the addition of iron was happening in the secondary workshops, i.e., for color branding. Among the manufactured glass, the proportions were higher in glassware than in windowpane glass. To capture the changing sand exploitation conditions, we propose the term “generic composition/type” or “(geochemical) class”.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Averages are straight lines, and standard deviations are dotted lines. Data sources: [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 19 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Emerging Glass Industry Patterns in Late Antiquity Balkans and Beyond: New Analytical Findings on Foy 3.2 and Foy 2.1 Glass Types

Balvanović

Šmit

2022

Materials

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Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

et al. 2022

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Analytical data of Roman and early Islamic glass established several primary glass production groups linked to glassmaking centres in the Levant and in Egypt. In contrast, the activities of secondary glass workshops are largely invisible in the compositional fingerprint of first millennium glass. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of 261 glass finds from the Visigothic settlement of Tolmo de Minateda (Spain) revealed a site-specific contamination pattern due to secondary glass processing and recycling, namely the enrichment of the glass batch by a unique combination of rare alkali elements (Li, K, Rb, Cs). With a median of 21 ppm, Li is particularly distinctive. Elevated lithium contents (Li > 30 ppm) are also one of the characteristic features of Iberian plant ash glass from the Islamic period. The earliest known examples of this type of glass were found among the ninth-century remains from Tolmo.

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Chemical analyses on Roman and Late Antique glass finds from the Lower Danube: the case of Tropaeum Traiani

Bugoi

Panaite

Alexandrescu

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Sixth-century AD glassware from Jelica, Serbia—an increasingly complex picture of late antiquity glass composition

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

Emerging Glass Industry Patterns in Late Antiquity Balkans and Beyond: New Analytical Findings on Foy 3.2 and Foy 2.1 Glass Types

Emerging Glass Industry Patterns in Late Antiquity Balkans and Beyond: New Analytical Findings on Foy 3.2 and Foy 2.1 Glass Types

Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

Chemical analyses on Roman and Late Antique glass finds from the Lower Danube: the case of Tropaeum Traiani

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