Six‐Year Survival of a Mini Dental Implant‐Retained Overdenture in a Child with Ectodermal Dysplasia

Abstract

Patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) experience several problems caused by abnormal development and functioning of the head and neck region. In addition to developmental nasal cartilage abnormalities and absence of sweat glands, hair, and eyebrows, edentulism or developmental disorders of teeth (cone-shaped teeth) are commonly observed in these types of patients. ED is also characterized by underdeveloped alveolar ridges, a decreased occlusal vertical dimension, reduced salivary secretion, and dry oral mucosa, which make prosthetic rehabilitation difficult. Few studies of intraosseous dental implant-retained prostheses have described adverse effects on craniofacial growth and esthetic and functional disadvantages, while some researchers have described the advantages of this treatment option as an alternative option in these cases. Due to the associated alveolar bone deficiency, dental mini-implant therapy may be a treatment option for these patients; however, there are isolated cases in the literature regarding the rehabilitation of ED patients with mini-implant-supported overdentures. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a 6-year-old child with ED using a maxillary removable partial prosthesis and a mini-implant-retained mandibular overdenture. The clinical and radiographic findings of this prosthetic rehabilitation during the 6-year follow-up are also presented.

Complications of Implant Rehabilitation in Ectodermal Dysplasia Patients: A Review Study

“…Replacing the lost soft and hard tissues and restoring the missing teeth are the main goals in the treatment of ED patients to achieve a proper vertical dimension and facial soft tissue appearance. (17) Despite severe bone deficiencies, implant rehabilitation can be a good solution for ED patients. Several methods have been introduced for alveolar bone augmentation, including autogenous, allogenic, and xenogeneic bone grafts, vertical distraction osteogenesis (DO), sinus floor augmentation, and the combination of the mentioned modalities.…”

“…Several methods have been introduced for alveolar bone augmentation, including autogenous, allogenic, and xenogeneic bone grafts, vertical distraction osteogenesis (DO), sinus floor augmentation, and the combination of the mentioned modalities. (2,17,18) Kilic et al reported that dental implant insertions in association with guided bone regeneration would be a successful treatment in ED patients. (17) However, unpredictable resorption of the bone graft and delayed placement of implants are among the disadvantages of the abovementioned procedure.…”

“…(2,17,18) Kilic et al reported that dental implant insertions in association with guided bone regeneration would be a successful treatment in ED patients. (17) However, unpredictable resorption of the bone graft and delayed placement of implants are among the disadvantages of the abovementioned procedure. (1) Autogenous bone grafts, harvested from extraoral (ilium, fibula or scapula) or intraoral (chin, external oblique ridge, and mandibular ramus) sources, are the gold standard for augmentation of severe alveolar bone deficiencies.…”

“…(16) It is notable that denture wearing from an early age can cause progressive resorption of the basal bone and trouble for later prosthetic treatments. (11,17) Many articles have stated that implant placement should be postponed until the cessation of the dynamic growth of the jaws; (27)(28)(29)(30) the reason is that the implant cannot participate in the growing process due to the absence of the periodontal ligament (PDL). It may even impede the growth of the jaw bone; (12,17) therefore, it behaves like an ankylosed tooth, becoming embedded, displaced or infraocclusive.…”

Dental Implant Rehabilitation in Child and Adolescent Individuals: Review

“…2,3 Kalıtsal bir hastalık olan ektodermal displazi (ED) de anodonti veya oligodonti ile karakterizedir. [4][5][6] Bu gibi durumlarda estetik, fonasyon ve fonksiyon sağlamak amacıyla iskeletsel ve dental gelişim tamamlanmadan önce oral rehabilitasyona ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.…”