Six-port reflectometer realization using two microstrip three-section couplers

Mohra, Ashraf S.

doi:10.1109/nrsc.2001.929158

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is employed as the standard for complex measurement of the reflection coefficient of a device under test (DUT) using four power readings and can be easily calibrated for diverse applications (Moubarek & Gharsallah, 2016;Moubarek, Almanee & Gharsallah, 2019). (Mohra, 2004) presented the design of a six-port reflectometer structure using two microstrip three-section couplers. In this design, the six-port reflectometer was developed on a Teflon substrate at a center frequency of 3.5GHz using dimensions of a three-section coupler.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Aided Design of a Multi-Rotor Flying Robot for Locating Sources of Particulate Matter Pollution

Suchanek

Filipek²

2022

acs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of flying robots for various environmental protection issues is a very important and current research topic. Designing a dedicated multi-rotor flying robot is necessary for the efficient and automated localization of sources of air pollution, especially solid particles. In particular, one of the most important requirements that must be met by such a robot is its appropriate impact on the measurement process, i.e., increasing the sensitivity of sensors or reducing the interference. This is particularly difficult because its rotating rotors introduce significant disturbances to the surrounding fluid. In these studies, the design process is supported by the creation of a mathematical flow model and a series of analyzes to optimize the PM measurement system. The model is built using the finite-volume method in ANSYS Fluent software and steady-state RANS averaging. First, a flow field model with one propeller was modeled and its parameters identified by comparison with the results from the dedicated original dynamometer stand -- characteristics of the propeller performance. On the basis of the simulations and measurement of one rotor, subsequent systems of the highest practical importance are built. The effect of that design process was the preparation and testing of a functional robot prototype. The field parameter distributions resulting from the analyzes, in particular the turbulence intensity, allow one to propose a criterion on the basis of which both the best rotor configuration and localization of sensors are selected.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Aided Design of a Multi-Rotor Flying Robot for Locating Sources of Particulate Matter Pollution

Suchanek

Filipek²

2022

acs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Six‐port reflectometer based on four 0°/180° microstrip ring couplers

Mohra

2003

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The PAE and output power of this PA module are measured as a function of the third-stage gate bias, as shown in Figure 10. From the figure, the output power increases as the gate-bias voltage increases, while the PAE decreases with an increasing gate bias. CONCLUSIONIn this paper, a modified level-3 technique has been presented for the nonlinear modeling of an RF LDMOS FET. This method takes advantage of a fast and easy modeling process. The design of the PA module uses the extracted parameters, which allows us to verify a large-signal analysis. The measurement results of the output power for the designed PA module are 30.3 dBm with PAE of 64% at 880 MHz.The LDMOS PA module presented in this paper introduces techniques, such as HTN and WTN, to accomplish the proper optimization between output power and PAE. SIX-PORT REFLECTOMETER BASED ON FOUR 0°/180°MICROSTRIP RING COUPLERS

show abstract

“…The purpose of the calibration is to calculate these unknowns (calibration constants). By using three positions of a sliding short circuit with a matched load (calibration procedure [4,11]), the above unknowns are obtained. When an unknown impedance is connected to the DUT port, the power reading at the four detector ports will represent three circles in a complex ⌫-plane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bent planar monopole operating at GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT2000 quad‐bands

Low

Chen

Yang

2003

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

P 1 -P 3 are the power ratios, while A, C, and E are three real calibration constants, and B, D and F are three complex calibration constants, so there are nine unknowns. The purpose of the calibration is to calculate these unknowns (calibration constants). By using three positions of a sliding short circuit with a matched load (calibration procedure [4,11]), the above unknowns are obtained. When an unknown impedance is connected to the DUT port, the power reading at the four detector ports will represent three circles in a complex ⌫-plane. The intersection point of these three circles will give the reflection coefficient magnitude and phase (see Fig. 2). In fact, the intersection of the three circles in one point is theoretical, because real systems are not stable, so the related geometrical configurations never have a single intersection points. By considering the intersection region as a triangle, we have different solutions such as: the intersection point of the medians of the triangle, the intersection point of the perpendicular bisectors of the triangle sides, the intersection points of the bisectors of the triangle interior angles, the intersection point of the three altitudes of the triangle, and so on. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTSThe above-realized six-port reflectometer was first calibrated in order to calculate the calibration constants. Then it was used to measure the reflection coefficient of different unknown impedances (especially different positions of sliding SCs) and good agreement with the measurements of the vector network analyzer (Agilent 8719ES), with error not exceeding 2.5% in magnitude and Ϯ3°in phase in the operating range 2.67-3.25 GHz, was obtained. Table 1 illustrates some measurements at the 3-GHz center frequency. A shift of 40 MHz in the center frequency was found, due to the mismatch of the intersection lines that connect the ring couplers to each other and some tolerance in fabrication.In fact, the overall dimensions of the realized six-port reflectometer is around 10 ϫ 10 cm, which is very large. To reduce the size, we can use modified ring couplers [12], which are only 15% of the conventional ring coupler's size, and replace the intersection between couplers by its corresponding T or ⌸ junctions [12]. Currently, some trials are being conducted in which no detectors are inside the construction and this design problem is under study. CONCLUSIONA six-port reflectometer constructed from a 0°/180°ring coupler has been presented. Three different constructions with their q positions are given. One of these constructions was realized on an RT/Duroid 5880 at 3-GHz center frequency. The realized six-port reflectometer was first calibrated and then used to measure the reflection coefficient of different unknown impedances. The sixport reflectometer was in good agreement with the measurements of the vector network analyzer (Agilent 8719ES), especially in the microwave range 2.67-3.25 GHz. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe author would like to thank Prof. Esmat A.F. Abdallah, Electronics Research Institute, E...

show abstract

Six-port reflectometer realization using two microstrip three-section couplers

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Aided Design of a Multi-Rotor Flying Robot for Locating Sources of Particulate Matter Pollution

Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Aided Design of a Multi-Rotor Flying Robot for Locating Sources of Particulate Matter Pollution

Six‐port reflectometer based on four 0°/180° microstrip ring couplers

Bent planar monopole operating at GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT2000 quad‐bands

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About