Six-pack off-axis holography

Abstract

We present a new holographic concept, named six-pack holography (6PH), in which we compress six off-axis holograms into a single multiplexed off-axis hologram without loss of magnification or resolution. The multiplexed hologram contains straight off-axis fringes with six different orientations, and can be generated optically or digitally. We show that since the six different complex wavefronts do not overlap in the spatial frequency domain, they can be fully reconstructed. 6PH allows more than 50% improvement in the spatial bandwidth consumption when compared to the best multiplexing method proposed so far. We expect the 6PH concept to be useful for a variety of applications, such as field-of-view multiplexing, wavelength multiplexing, temporal multiplexing, multiplexing for super-resolution imaging, and others.

Optimal spatial bandwidth capacity in multiplexed off-axis holography for rapid quantitative phase reconstruction and visualization: erratum

“…proposed the SPACE architecture for the recording of a single hologram, where each of the CC terms is split on the two sides of the SFD, as shown in Fig. 1(b , and relative space occupied by the CC terms in the frequency domain [16], is provided in Table 1. As can be seen, even though the latter method uses more bandwidth, it is still superior to the others by both the number of holograms to bandwidth ratio per unit maximal frequency and the relative space occupied by the CC terms.…”

“…This encoding leaves free space in the SFD, into which additional information can be compressed. The compression can be done by optical multiplexing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], by projecting sample and reference beam pairs on the digital camera, each of which creating an off-axis hologram with a different interference fringe direction that positions one wave front in the spatial frequency domain without overlapping other terms. Alternatively, the multiplexing can be performed digitally [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], by positioning the wave front matrix in the SFD matrix without overlap to generate the multiplexed hologram matrix.…”

“…The compression can be done by optical multiplexing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], by projecting sample and reference beam pairs on the digital camera, each of which creating an off-axis hologram with a different interference fringe direction that positions one wave front in the spatial frequency domain without overlapping other terms. Alternatively, the multiplexing can be performed digitally [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], by positioning the wave front matrix in the SFD matrix without overlap to generate the multiplexed hologram matrix. Multiplexing is useful for various applications, with focus on acquisition of fast dynamics using optical multiplexing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], as well as for speeding up hologram reconstruction [17][18][19][20][21] and for compression and storage of holographic data [22,23] using digital multiplexing.…”

“…Alternatively, the multiplexing can be performed digitally [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], by positioning the wave front matrix in the SFD matrix without overlap to generate the multiplexed hologram matrix. Multiplexing is useful for various applications, with focus on acquisition of fast dynamics using optical multiplexing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], as well as for speeding up hologram reconstruction [17][18][19][20][21] and for compression and storage of holographic data [22,23] using digital multiplexing. Digital multiplexing of hundreds of computer generated holograms can also be performed, e.g., for beam shaping [24]; however, in this case, the input holograms are not acquired optically first, but rather generated digitally.…”

“…These include multiplexing two holograms by positioning two complex wave fronts in two orthogonal directions [6][7][8][9]11,14], which can be generalized to multiplexing three [10,15], four [13], or even five holograms [12]. We recently presented the six-pack holography (6PH) multiplexing architecture, which positions six complex wave fronts in the SFD without overlap [16]; 6PH represents the optimal bandwidth consumption when the intensity of the sample needs to be acquired together with its wave front in optical hologram multiplexing.…”