Six monophyletic lineages identified within Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by multi-locus sequence typing

Cryptococcus gattii Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Person 13 Months after Exposure

“…Although rare autochthonous infections due to C. gattii in Europe have been reported [2,[10][11][12], most infections in European residents were acquired outside Europe. The sequence of both the ITS regions and the IGS1 region of the cryptococcal isolate obtained from our patient was found to be identical with those of the genotype VGII isolates which caused the Vancouver Island outbreak [8,9,13]. Thus, it is likely that she acquired her infection while visiting Vancouver .…”

“…The isolate was serotyped by CryptoCheck (Iatron Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) as serotype B, and this identification was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [7]. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions revealed that the isolate belonged to the ITS type 4 according to Katsu et al [8], which correlates to the genotype VGII [8,9]. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Sensititre YeastOne plate (Trek Diagnostics Systems, East Grinstead, UK).…”

AIDS Patient Death Caused by NovelCryptococcus neoformans×C.gattiiHybrid

“…The C. gattii parental sequence of all known serotype BD C. neoformans × C. gattii hybrid isolates was identical to sequences of AFLP4/VGI strains CBS1622 and CBS6992 in all regions studied (9). Detection of 1 specifi c C. gattii-AFLP4/VGI subgroup in all isolated C. neoformans × C. gattii hybrids may indicate that this subgroup preferentially forms interspecies hybrids.…”

“…The partial sequence of 6 nuclear regions was determined for reference isolates CBS10488-CBS10490, CBS1622, CBS6992, and the putative hybrid isolate CBS10496. Selected nuclear regions were those for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, intergenic spacer region, laccase (CN-LAC1), 2 RNA polymerase II subunits (RPB1 and RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) (9,10). Mating types and serotype were determined as described (10,13).…”

Is Predominant Clonal Evolution a Common Evolutionary Adaptation to Parasitism in Pathogenic Parasitic Protozoa, Fungi, Bacteria, and Viruses?

“…There is strong LD revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), MLST, PCR fingerprint, RAPD, RFLP and gene sequences in the two sibling species Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans (Bovers et al, 2008;Lin and Heitman, 2006;Ngamskulrungroj et al, 2009). In these two species, LD is observed between genetic types and serotypes (Campbell and Carter, 2006).…”