Siver Nanoparticles Toxicity in Brine Shrimp and its Histopathological Analysis

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are interesting nanotechnology materials with borderless applications in medical science, environmental science, material science and are also used in various kinds of industrial household products. Increasing usage of Ag NPs every year leads to increased risk of nanomaterial contamination in the environment, especially natural water sources with harmful effects in aquatic animals, and to ecosystem disruption. In the present study, Ag NPs toxicity was determined using brine shrimp Artemia salina as a model. A total of 10 adult brine shrimps were incubated in solutions containing various Ag NPs concentrations for 24[Formula: see text]h at room temperature. Percentages of brine shrimp dead were recorded and calculated to determine the lethal concentration. We found the LC[Formula: see text] of Ag NPs is 3521.13[Formula: see text]mg/L. Histopathology study was done using survival brine shrimps after 24[Formula: see text]h of incubation with 25% LC[Formula: see text] Ag NPs concentration. Tissue processing and H&E staining to remark pathological areas with emphasis on intestinal tract, were also done. Ag NPs obstruction was found in intestinal lumen. The intestinal epithelial cells showed hyperplasia and blebbing, increased mucous thickening, detachment from basement muscle lining, and necrosis area. These findings indicated the effect of Ag NPs and their negative impact on aquatic animals which might lead to further disruption of ecosystem.

Study of routine metabolism and acute toxicity of mycogenic silver nanoparticles on Palaemon pandaliformis (shrimp)

“…In a study on the crustacean A. salina , synthetic AgNPs smaller than 100 nm in size exhibited a LC 50 of approximately 3.5 mg L −1 . 31 Similarly, synthetic AgNPs with an average size of 33–44 nm produced using Sargassum ilicifolium , as well as commercial and synthetic AgNPs with a size of 30–40 nm, demonstrated a LC 50 of 10 nM after 48 h on this same species. 43,44 The commercial AgNPs caused DNA damage, increased nauplius, aggregation in the intestinal region, and apoptosis, while the percentage of hatching in cysts of A. salina was decreased.…”

“…It is worth noting that mussels are more sensitive than P. pandaliformis, and the latter is more sensitive than zebrafish D. rerio, underscoring the need for assessing toxicity in multiple species to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the potential impact of these nanoparticles. 13 Furthermore, other studies in the literature have reported the toxicity of AgNPs to various species, including Artemia salina, 31 crustaceans such as Daphnia pulex, Daphnia galeata, and Daphnia magna, [32][33][34][35] the Australian freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis, 36 the Japanese medaka fish Oryzias latipes, [37][38][39] the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, 40,41 and the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. 42 In a study on the crustacean A. salina, synthetic AgNPs smaller than 100 nm in size exhibited a LC 50 of approximately 3.5 mg L −1 .…”

“…Furthermore, other studies in the literature have reported the toxicity of AgNPs to various species, including Artemia salina , 31 crustaceans such as Daphnia pulex , Daphnia galeata , and Daphnia magna , 32–35 the Australian freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis , 36 the Japanese medaka fish Oryzias latipes , 37–39 the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas , 40,41 and the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix . 42…”

The in silico and toxicity study of fraction red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract on histology lymphoid organ and hepatopancreas in white shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei)

“…Many shedding cells are seen in the tubule lumen, and melanization-producing hemocytes are extensively infiltrated around the tubules. [37] Reporting on the LC50 test using a specific dosage of silver nanoparticles on brine shrimp showed necrosis in intestinal cells. The percentage of damage caused by each treatment varies.…”