Situational characteristics of safety belt use

Fockler, Sylvia K. F.; Cooper, Peter

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(90)90062-p

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A lot of research has been carried out about the effect of anti-speeding campaigns on speeding behavior and on potential intermediate determining factors of speeding, such as subjective, personal and descriptive norms, attitudes towards speeding and anti-speeding and traffic safety campaigns, habit formation and perceived behavioral control (PBC) (Fockler and Cooper, 1990;Connolly and Aberg, 1993;Aberg et al, 1997;Rothengatter, 1997;Aberg, 2002Aberg, , 2003. However, a consistent set of reliable and valid scales to measure these intermediate effects has to date not been developed yet, and only partial models of speeding behavior have been proposed and tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of norms, attitudes and habits on speeding behavior: Scale development and model building and estimation

De Pelsmacker,

Janssens

2007

Accident Analysis & Prevention

170

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of norms, attitudes and habits on speeding behavior: Scale development and model building and estimation

De Pelsmacker,

Janssens

2007

Accident Analysis & Prevention

170

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“…These researchers have consistently found that safety belt use is lower on local roads than on limited access roads. Fockler and Cooper (1990) also have found that drivers report more frequent nonuse of belts when they are taking short trips on local roads. These findings suggest that people may incorrectly consider freeway driving as more risky than driving on local roads, and that they may assess this risk on a trip-by-trip basis.…”

Section: Factors That Contribute To Misperceptions Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 89%

Matching Traffic Safety Strategies to Youth Characteristics: A Literature Review of Cognitive Development

Eby¹,

Molnar²

1998

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In an effort to reduce the high crash rate and resulting injuries of young drivers, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has sponsored research to assess the factors responsible for this heightened crash risk and to determine the implications for traffic safety programs. As part of this research, this review of research literature was conducted to determine what is known about cognitive development and information processing capabilities of youth. The goal of the project was to ascertain how traffic safety programs should be structured to match these cognitive characteristics. The review is divided into 12 sections. This literature review focuses primarily on cognitive development from about 10 to 24 years of age. The first section is about memory; that is, the processes that allow a person to retain knowledge over time. The second section, attention, discusses the factors related to the development of how people focus cognitive resources on perceptual or mental tasks, including selective, divided, and sustained attention. The third section, learning, discusses the processes by which people acquire information. The fourth section, reasoning, discusses types of reasoning and the problems young people have with this type of thinking. The fifth section, motivation, examines the factors that initiate and influence the intensity of behaviors. The sixth section, is a discussion of the development of risk perception and factors that contribute to the misperception of risk. The seventh section discusses the development of problem solving and decision making in a general way. While influenced by all other cognitive factors and their age-related limitations, general deficits of problem solving and decision making ability are discussed. The eight section, social cognition, covers those topics in the development of social cognition that are likely to have an effect on driving: attribution theory and social schemata/scripts. The ninth section, attitude formation and change, discusses several factors related to attitudes and persuasion. The tenth section examines briefly the development of verbal ability, that is, all use of language. Because many traffic safety messages and programs deal with moral issues in driving, the AcknowledgmentsThis project was sponsored by the United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Several individuals provided valuable insight and feedback on this literature review. A group of talented people served as subject-matter experts. This group of experts suggested literature review topics and studies, read and commented on several versions of this manuscript, and participated in a 1-day meeting to discuss the issues involved with cognitive development and traffic safety messages and programs for youth. We thank them for their generous and worthwhile efforts. The people in this group were: Allen Bard, Douglas Bierness, Jacquelynne Eccles, John Hagen, Brian Jonah, Patrick O'Malley, John Palmer, David Rosen, J. Frank Yates, and Marc Z...

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“…Comfort changes with age. Several studies have shown that a reason for nonusage of the seat belt is related to discomfort (Fockler and Cooper 1990;Begg and Langley 2000). Older adults are more sensitive to pressure, chafing, and movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of seat belt fit and comfort experience between older adults and younger front seat passengers in cars

Bohman

Osvalder

Ankartoft

et al. 2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: The purpose was to study how occupant age affects seat belt fit and comfort by comparing older adults and younger occupants in the front seat of a passenger vehicle. Methods: An exploratory user study was performed for the front seat of a stationary large passenger vehicle in a laboratory environment, including 11 older (aged 72-81) and 11 younger (aged 25-30) participants. Each participant first entered the vehicle and buckled up in a predefined seat position. Next, they adjusted the seat to their preferred seat position and buckled up again. Anthropometric data were collected on height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences. Photographs and measurements were taken of seat/seat belt positions and posture, and structured interviews were conducted regarding comfort perceptions of the 2 tested scenarios, including previous experience and awareness of seat belt usage and discomfort experienced as passengers in cars. Results: Nonoptimal belt fit included shoulder belt on the shoulder edge or close to the neck or lap belt over the abdomen. Five of 11 older adults had nonoptimal belt fit in the predefined position, and in the preferred position 7 older adults had nonoptimal belt fit. Only one showed safety awareness and recognized the nonoptimal belt fit in the preferred position. In the younger group, 4 of 11 had nonoptimal belt fit in the predefined position and 4 in the preferred position. Two acknowledged the nonoptimal belt fit. Older adult participants with a more pronounced kyphotic posture had the upper part of the shoulder belt positioned closer to the suprasternal notch compared to younger participants. Older adults were also more likely to have the lower part of the shoulder belt higher up on the abdomen compared to younger participants. Participants with higher body mass indexes (BMIs) were more likely to have the shoulder belt higher up on the abdomen, independent of age and gender. When the shoulder belt was positioned higher up on the abdomen the upper portion of the shoulder belt was routed closer to the throat. Older adults preferred to sit higher up to achieve a better field of vision compared to younger adults. Conclusions: The change in body posture due to aging influences belt fit. Older adults seemed less aware of safety related to belt fit. Increased BMI influenced shoulder belt fit, independent of age. These findings are important when designing restraint systems to ensure safety for all occupants. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Situational characteristics of safety belt use

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

The effect of norms, attitudes and habits on speeding behavior: Scale development and model building and estimation

The effect of norms, attitudes and habits on speeding behavior: Scale development and model building and estimation

Matching Traffic Safety Strategies to Youth Characteristics: A Literature Review of Cognitive Development

A comparison of seat belt fit and comfort experience between older adults and younger front seat passengers in cars

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