Situation of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Alexandria governorate from July 2008 to December 2012

Mohammad, Osama I.; Okab, Ali A.; Zaki, Mostafa E.

doi:10.4103/1687-8426.176792

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with many individual Egyptian governorate studies that showed same results [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, in Alexandria, the highest percentage of cases was in the age range 30-45 years [22]. A study by Eldahshan et al [23], in Suez Canal showed that the highest age group was 30-50 years followed by patients more than 50 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The highest percentage was in males (66.1 and 62.7%, respectively), with statistically significant difference between males and females (Table 2), which was in concordance with most individual governorate studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. This difference may be owing to low notification rates in females as many female patients do not seek medical advice because of factors such as illiteracy and the traditions predominant in the society, which may prohibit them from going out and seeking medical advice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Tuberculosis in Upper and Lower Egypt before and after directly observed treatment short-course strategy: a multi-governorate study

et al. 2019

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major problem in developing countries. TB in Egypt is considered an important public health problem. Egypt is ranked among the mid-level incidence countries. Objective To evaluate TB status in 19 governorates and to compare the TB situation in Upper and Lower Egypt over 20 years from 1992 to 2012 before and after the application of directly observed treatment short-course strategy (DOTS). Patients and methods This is a retrospective study involving record review. The registered data were collected from TB registration units in the 19 governorates. Results The highest percentage of TB cases was in the age group 15-30 years. Infection was higher in males than females and in rural areas more than urban areas. Pulmonary TB and smear positivity at diagnosis, second, third, and fifth month were higher in Lower Egypt. Treatment after failure or relapse was significantly higher in Upper Egypt, whereas default rate, failure rate, and death rate were significantly higher in Lower Egypt. Regarding treatment outcome, cure, complete treatment, and transfer out were significantly increased after DOTS than before. Failure, default, and death were significantly reduced after DOTS than before DOTS. Upper Egypt included higher incidence rates of TB, new adult smear-positive cases, new extrapulmonary TB cases, and sputum conversion rate at the end of the initial phase of treatment. Cure rate and treatment success rate were significantly higher among patients of Upper Egypt, whereas transfer out rate and retreatment failure rate were significantly higher among Lower Egypt patients. Conclusion TB is still a health problem in Egypt, with pulmonary TB more in Lower Egypt, whereas extrapulmonary more in Upper Egypt, but after the introduction of DOTS, there is a significant increase in cure and success rate, with markers of success being more in Upper Egypt.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Tuberculosis in Upper and Lower Egypt before and after directly observed treatment short-course strategy: a multi-governorate study

et al. 2019

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“…We found that, in MDR-TB HRG, previous treatment history was a strong predictor for MDR-TB, and this is consistent with many studies. [ 18 19 ] It has been widely recognized that previous use of anti-TB drugs could induce multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,[ 20 ] and patients can be at a higher risk if they received an improper and inadequate treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Burden among the New Tuberculosis Patients in Zhejiang Province

Peng

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background:Screening on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been limited to the serious TB subpopulations excluding the new TB patients. This study aimed to examine MDR-TB burden among the new TB patients.Methods:We conducted a study in Zhejiang Province during 2009–2013 to screen for MDR-TB patients among the low MDR-TB risk patients and five subpopulations of high MDR-TB risk patients. The number, prevalence, and trend of MDR-TB were compared while the logistic regression model was used to examine risk factors related to MDR-TB.Results:A total of 200 and 791 MDR-TB cases were, respectively, identified from the 9830 new TB cases and 2372 high-risk suspects who took MDR-TB screening from 2009 to 2013. The MDR-TB rates went down in both of the new TB patients and five MDR-TB high-risk groups over the study time, but the percentage of MDR-TB patients identified from the new TB patients in all diagnosed MDR-TB cases kept stable from 28.3% in 2011 to 27.0% in 2012 to 26.0% in 2013.Conclusions:The study indicated that MDR-TB burden among new TB patients was high, thus screening for MDR-TB among the new TB patients should be recommended in China as well as in the similar situation worldwide.

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“…Among those patients, 82 (16 %) were recognized as MDR pulmonary TB while the remaining (427 cases) were not categorized as MDR-TB [13]. Similarly, another Egyptian study reported 122/577 (21 %) cases of MDR-TB also admitted to Elmamoura Chest Hospital during the period between July 2008 [13] and August 2015 [14]. However, according to National Tuberculosis Control Program-Egypt [15], the MDR-DR rate was estimated as 0-1.4 % in new cases and 0.9-25.3 % in re-treatment cases based on the type of drugs used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 1893 cases of pulmonary TB were recorded in Alexandria governorate, Egypt, admitted to several hospitals including Elmamoura Chest Hospital during the period between July 2008 and December 2012 [13]. Of these, 509 cases were admitted to Elmamoura Chest Hospital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by MIRU-VNTR genotyping and detection of isoniazid resistance by real-time PCR

Gaballah

Ghazal

Almiry

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is a great public health problem in developing countries such as Egypt. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates has a prominent role in the field of TB prevention. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate real-time PCR using Minor Groove Binder (MGB) probes and to identify circulating lineages/sub-lineages of M. tuberculosis and their transmission patterns. Hypothesis. We hypothesize that MIRU-VNTR technique is efficient in identifying circulating M. tuberculosis lineages in Egypt. Methodology. Fifty sputum specimens positive for acid-fast bacilli were included. Isoniazid (INH) resistance was detected using the 1 % proportion method. Real-time PCR using MGB-probes was used for simultaneous detection of TB infection and INH resistance. Partial sequencing of the katG gene was used to confirm INH resistance results. A standard 15 Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit Variable Number Tandem Repeat (15-MIRU-VNTR) approach was used for genotyping through the MIRU-VNTRplus online platform. Results. Only seven specimens showed phenotypic resistance to INH. M. tuberculosis was detected in all samples, while a mutation in the katG gene codon 315 was detected only in five samples, which were also phenotypically INH-resistant. Sequencing of the katG gene showed codon 315 mutation genotypically and phenotypically in the five INH-resistant isolates. Molecular genotyping of M. tuberculosis isolates revealed that the majority of isolates (26/50, 52 %) belonged to the S family of lineage_4. A low clustering rate (2 %) was observed among our isolates. According to the Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI), 11 MIRU-VNTR loci were highly or moderately discriminative, while four loci were less polymorphic. Conclusion. MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed a low clustering rate with a low recent transmission rate of M. tuberculosis strains in Alexandria, Egypt.

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Situation of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Alexandria governorate from July 2008 to December 2012

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Tuberculosis in Upper and Lower Egypt before and after directly observed treatment short-course strategy: a multi-governorate study

Tuberculosis in Upper and Lower Egypt before and after directly observed treatment short-course strategy: a multi-governorate study

Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Burden among the New Tuberculosis Patients in Zhejiang Province

Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by MIRU-VNTR genotyping and detection of isoniazid resistance by real-time PCR

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