Situation of Artificial Depigmentation among Women in 2016 to Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:The artificial depigmentation (DA) is a practice that aims to reduce the natural pigmentation of the skin by the use of depigmenting products (DP). In Burkina Faso, few studies have been made on the issue and the last date of 2003. The objective of the study is to realize an overview of the DA phenomenon in women population in Bobo-Dioulasso City. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study held from April 16th to April 30th 2016 including 437 women aged from 13 to 55 years old. A multi-stage random sampling was realized A chi-square test was used to compare groups with significant threshold of 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of the use of DP (67.28% with IC95 = [63.52 -71.03]). The mean age of users was 27.5 years old; the typical profile was women from 30 to 35 years old (85.7%), with elementary study level, (73.47%), housewife's (75.19%) and monogamous (71.98%). the products used was those made of hydroquinone (81.6%), EDTA (8.33%), kojic acid (4.86%), mixtures (11.12%) or unknown products (14.58%). The origin of the product was doubtful for almost all the cases (98.96%). The monthly mean cost of this practice for a single user is 1710 CFA. Complications were reported in 62.5% of users, and the most found was dyschromia (85.87%), acne (17.39%) and burns (10.32%). DISCUSSION: The DA is in great progress in Bobo-Dioulasso (2 out of 3 women) compared to half, thirteen years ago. The hydroquinone was markedly the most frequent DP while there was an apparent lack of corticosteroids and mercuries replaced by the new depigmenting agent such as EDTA and kojic acid. This result contrasted with the classic combination hydroquinone-dermocorticoïd-mercuries reported by previous studies. CONCLUSION: The low-cost of DP could explain the magnitude of the artificial depigmentation phenomenon. Other studies should be conducted in order to establish with precision the composition How to cite this paper: Andonaba, J.-B., Korsaga-Somé, N.N., Diallo, B., Yabré, E., Konaté, I., Ouédraogo, A.N., Niamba, P. of these products and their causality in the occurrence of common complications. Research in cosmetology should make it possible to provide women with safe products that respect their deep needs.

Temporalities in Depigmentation Practices

“…Another research, evokes change by focusing on the current era marked by the progression of voluntary depigmentation. This would concern two women out of three in Bobo-Dioulasso in 2016, contrary to the situation which prevailed about fifteen years ago (Andonaba et al, 2017). The other aspect of time as a change highlighted by this research is the fact that depigmentation presents itself in our study site as a set of unstable choices, practitioners often dropping their old products for new.…”

Temporalities in Depigmentation Practices

“…Another research, evokes change by focusing on the current era marked by the progression of voluntary depigmentation. This would concern two women out of three in Bobo-Dioulasso in 2016, contrary to the situation which prevailed about fifteen years ago (Andonaba et al, 2017).…”

Analysis of Depigmenting Substances of Interest (Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid, and Clobetasol Propionate) Contained in Lightening Cosmetic Products Marketed in Burkina Faso

“…Its presence was mentioned on the labels of 24.12% of the collected products. Andonaba et al [5] found in 2019 that only 4.86% of skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso mentioned the presence of hydroquinone. Indeed, since 2001 there has been a ban on the use of hydroquinone in cosmetic products in Europe [28].…”

“…Its prevalence among women in Nigeria was estimated at 40.09% in 2021 [4]. In Burkina Faso, Andonaba et al reported a prevalence of 49.2% in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in 2016 [5]. The prevalence in the city of Ouagadougou is lower and had been estimated in 2005 at 39.5% [6].…”

“…The remaining products contained various mixtures (11.12%), EDTA (8.33%), kojic acid (4.86%), and unknown substances (14.58%). They also revealed that 98.96% of products did not bear any indication of their origins [5]. This raises the question of whether the claims made on the labels of these products are accurate and do not relate to misleading commercial practices.…”