Situation Analysis of Health Care System of Pakistan: Post 18 Amendments

Abstract

Objective of the study: The aim of this paper is to highlight the actions taken by the government in various health performance system domains post 18 th Amendment. Methodology: Health system performance domains were identified through the websites of WHO and Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of WHO (EMRO). Then the actions required in various health system performance domains were identified and the literature related to health system performance domains and 18 th Amendment was reviewed through electronic databases and health care acts and related bills of each province. Inter-provincial analysis was done analyzing the vision, mission, aims and objectives of each and every provincial healthcare commission along with the monitoring and evaluation, licensing, governance and complaint systems provided on the respective databases of each province. Results: This will surely help in attaining the access, quality and equity to health care services. Conclusion: The health system is in process of regeneration, with provincial empowerment in the country's federal system. While 18 th Constitutional Amendment has created opportunities as well challenges, but the possible way forward to improve health sector is improving the governance system.

Rapid Assessment of Price Instability and Paucity of Medicines and Protection for COVID-19 Across Asia: Findings and Public Health Implications for the Future

“…In Pakistan, there have been concerns with healthcare management at the provincial level following devolution, although this is not universal as seen with the recent COVID-19 pandemic (40,74,85). This is a concern with over 40% of the population currently living below the poverty line, and high rates of co-payments at over 78% of total healthcare expenditure with potentially catastrophic consequences if family members become ill (74,(86)(87)(88). The situation has been made worse in Pakistan in recent years with a rise in both infectious and noninfectious diseases.…”

“…Local production of essential preventative equipment is likely to grow across countries to reduce future shortages (61,62). Compounding the situation in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, certainly with respect to available resources to fund prevention and treatment of COVID-19, are also high prevalence rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including coronary vascular disease (CVD), hypertension and diabetes (4,74,87,(95)(96)(97). This will necessitate changing models of care with increasing use of all healthcare professionals, exacerbated by the current situation with COVID-19 (98)(99)(100)(101).…”

Behavioral factors associated with utilization of healthcare services among elderly in Pakistan: evidence from a nationally representative survey

“…The health care delivery in Pakistan is considered as a neglected sphere of social security. A report indicated that the government allocation in health care is as low as 0.4% of its overall GDP, thereby nearly 78% of the population pays out of their pockets for health services in private health sectors [ 11 ].…”

Behavioral factors associated with utilization of outpatient services among elderly in Pakistan: evidence from a nationally representative survey

“…The health care delivery in Pakistan is considered as a neglected sphere of social security. A report indicated that the government allocation in health care is as low as 0.4% of its overall GDP, thereby nearly 78% of the population pays out of their pockets for health services in private health sectors [24]. Adequate spending on public healthcare by the government ensures a robust functioning of healthcare delivery in the country.…”