Situation actuelle sur les glossines et la trypanosomose sur le plateau de Jos au Nigeria : facteurs épizootiologiques pouvant faciliter la transmission et la propagation de la maladie

Dede, Peter; Halid, Irman; Omoogun, G. A.; Uzoigwe, N. R.; Njoku, C.O.; Daniel, A. D.; Dadah, A.J.

doi:10.19182/remvt.9937

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Two riverine tsetse species Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis palpalis inhabit the Jos Plateau [ 3 , 14 ]. Expansion of the G. p. palpalis and G. tachinoides tsetse belts onto the Jos Plateau has been observed [ 15 - 17 ] and there is evidence of their persistence [ 3 , 8 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social factors affecting seasonal variation in bovine trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAfrican Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a widespread disease of livestock in Nigeria and presents a major constraint to rural economic development. The Jos Plateau was considered free from tsetse flies and the trypanosomes they transmit due to its high altitude and this trypanosomiasis free status attracted large numbers of cattle-keeping pastoralists to the area. The Jos Plateau now plays a major role in the national cattle industry in Nigeria, accommodating approximately 7% of the national herd, supporting 300,000 pastoralists and over one million cattle. During the past two decades tsetse flies have invaded the Jos Plateau and animal trypanosomiasis has become a significant problem for livestock keepers. Here we investigate the epidemiology of trypanosomiasis as a re-emerging disease on the Plateau, examining the social factors that influence prevalence and seasonal variation of bovine trypanosomiasis.MethodsIn 2008 a longitudinal two-stage cluster survey was undertaken on the Jos Plateau. Cattle were sampled in the dry, early wet and late wet seasons. Parasite identification was undertaken using species-specific polymerase chain reactions to determine the prevalence and distribution of bovine trypanosomiasis. Participatory rural appraisal was also conducted to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning animal husbandry and disease control.ResultsSignificant seasonal variation between the dry season and late wet season was recorded across the Jos Plateau, consistent with expected variation in tsetse populations. However, marked seasonal variations were also observed at village level to create 3 distinct groups: Group 1 in which 50% of villages followed the general pattern of low prevalence in the dry season and high prevalence in the wet season; Group 2 in which 16.7% of villages showed no seasonal variation and Group 3 in which 33.3% of villages showed greater disease prevalence in the dry season than in the wet season.ConclusionsThere was high seasonal variation at the village level determined by management as well as climatic factors. The growing influence of management factors on the epidemiology of trypanosomiasis highlights the impact of recent changes in land use and natural resource competition on animal husbandry decisions in the extensive pastoral production system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social factors affecting seasonal variation in bovine trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

et al. 2013

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“…Nonteneral G. f. fuscipes flies were dissected and examined under microscope to check for trypanosomes (Clloyd and Johnson, 1924). Fly Apparent Density (AD) was estimated as described by Dede et al (2005) and the infection rate (IR) was determined as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Seasonal Abundance of <em>Glossina fuscipes fuscipes </em> (<em>Glossina: Glossinidae</em>) in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan

Lukaw¹,

Abdelrahman²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2014

CRJBS

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A 2-year tsetse field survey was conducted in Kajo-keji County South Sudan to determine factors influencing the seasonal abundance of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. A total of 13,323 tsetse flies of both sexes were collected in the dry and wet seasons. Dry season catches were significantly higher than those of the wet season (DF = 10, t (2011) = 3.477, P (2011) = 0.006; DF = 10, t (2012) = 7.943, P (2012) = 0.0001). The number of male flies was significantly higher (DF = 15, t (2011) = 4.260, P (2011) = 0.0001; DF = 15, t (2012) = 5.492, P (2012 = 0.000) than the female ones during the study period. The mean apparent density of the flies/trap/day in the dry season was significantly higher (DF = 92, t (2011) = 2.147, P (2011) = 0.003; DF = 92, t (2012) = 3.764 and P (2012) = 0.0003. Average infection rate revealed 4.9% and 9.0 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. An overall infection rate was 4.9% which varied significantly with the season (X 2 = 602, p<0.000). Positive associations were observed for atmospheric temperature, rain fall and relative humidity with monthly fly apparent density at R = 0.72, 0.71 and 0.82, respectively in 2011. However, in 2012 rainfall and relative humidity showed significantly negative association with the monthly fly apparent density at R = -0.85, P = 0.000 and R = -0.55, P = 0.031, respectively, whereas atmospheric temperature showed no statistical significant association at p<0.05 with the monthly fly density (R = 0.311, P = 0.163). Atmospheric temperature, rainfall and relative humidity seem to be influencing the seasonal abundance of G. f. fuscipes in the study area. These ecological factors could be used in developing tsetse control strategies.

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“…Trypanosomiasis is endemic in tsetse-infested areas of sub-Saharan Africa, putting an estimated 70 million humans and 60 million cattle at risk of infection [1][2][3]. The disease causes a decline in human and animal productivity, threatening food and nutritional security, social welfare, and economic stability, particularly in areas where pastoralism is the main economic activity [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Trypanosomes and Xenomonitoring of Host Range from the Feeding Patterns of Glossina Species Collected from Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria

Amos,

Signaboubo,

Ndams

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne protozoan disease that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, efforts to control trypanosomiasis include vector control, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection. These efforts exclude actions targeting reservoir hosts. This study was therefore undertaken to address these epidemiological and surveillance gaps. Methods For this purpose, Glossina species were trapped at Ijah Gbagyi and Yankari Games Resort. The hunger stage of the 220 dissected flies was categorised, blood meal was determined by COI and Cyt b gene tests. Trypanosomes were identified from samples taken from Glossina species flies. Trypanosomes were identified from the proboscis, salivary glands and midgut of tsetse flies from which the blood meal was obtained by amplifying the ITS1 rDNA gene. Results The results indicate a hunger stage of 2.72%, 34.09%, 63.18% for engorged, intermediate and starved flies respectively. The dominant host of Glossina palpalis palpalis was man, cattle, bird, squirrel, chimpanzee, bush pig and monitor lizard. Glossina morsitans submorsitans (man, bush pig, rat, buffalo, gazelle and guinea pig) and Glossina tachinoides (buffalo, warthog, antelope and guinea pig). Overall infection rates of Trypanosoma vivax (20.6%), Trypanosoma grayi (37.1%), Trypanosoma theleri (29.8%), Trypanosoma brucei spp. (3.1%) and Trypanosoma congolense (9.2%) were recorded. Conclusion These results suggest that wild animals acting as reservoir hosts are the source of the Trypanosoma species transmitted by Glossina.

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Situation actuelle sur les glossines et la trypanosomose sur le plateau de Jos au Nigeria : facteurs épizootiologiques pouvant faciliter la transmission et la propagation de la maladie

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Social factors affecting seasonal variation in bovine trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Social factors affecting seasonal variation in bovine trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Factors Influencing Seasonal Abundance of <em>Glossina fuscipes fuscipes </em> (<em>Glossina: Glossinidae</em>) in Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan

Molecular Detection of Trypanosomes and Xenomonitoring of Host Range from the Feeding Patterns of Glossina Species Collected from Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria

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