Sitting decreases endothelial microparticles but not circulating angiogenic cells irrespective of lower leg exercises: a randomized cross‐over trial

Abstract

Repeated exposure to prolonged sitting increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the cellular links by which repeated exposure to prolonged sitting lead to increased cardiovascular risk have not been fully elucidated, with markers of vascular damage and repair such as microparticles (MPs) and circulating angiogenic cell (CACs) being promising targets. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of 3 h of sitting with or without intermittent calf raises on annexin V + /CD34 + , annexin V + /CD62E + , and annexin V + /CD31 + /42b − MP populations linked to CAC paracrine activity, endothelial activation and apoptosis, respectively, as well as CD14 + /31 + , CD3 + /31 + , and CD34 + CACs, which are linked to endothelial repair. In a random order, 20 sedentary participants (14 females, 22 ± 3 years) remained seated for 180 min with or without performing 10 calf raises every 10 min. Blood samples were obtained after 20 min of quiet rest in the supine position before and after sitting. Overall, sitting decreased annexin V + /CD34 + MPs (−12 ± 5 events µl −1 , P < 0.01), annexin V + /CD62E + MPs (−17 ± 4 events µl −1 , P < 0.001), and annexin V + /CD31 + /42b − MPs (−22 ± 6 events µl −1 , P < 0.001) regardless of condition. There were no differences in endothelin-1 plasma concentration, CD14 + /31 + , CD34 + or CD3 + /31 + CAC frequencies. Sitting did not alter CAC number, but decreased MPs linked to endothelial activation, apoptosis and CAC paracrine activity in a manner that was independent of muscle contraction. These findings support changes in markers of endothelial activation and apoptosis with sedentary behaviour and provide new insights into altered intercellular communication with physical inactivity such as prolonged sitting.

The impact of acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise on stem cell mobilization: A review of effects in healthy and diseased individuals across different age groups

“…Additionally, AI can analyze player biometric data to detect injury risks and optimize training programs, enabling coaches and trainers to make data-driven decisions for injury prevention and performance enhancement. AI algorithms can also optimize ticket pricing strategies by analyzing market demand, historical data, and other relevant factors, allowing organizations to implement dynamic pricing models and maximize ticket sales and revenue generation [ [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] ]. Furthermore, AI can analyze data from various sources to identify potential sponsorship and partnership opportunities, considering consumer sentiment and trends to facilitate effective deals.…”

“…Healthcare professionals with expertise in sports medicine and rehabilitation can provide the necessary guidance and oversight to ensure the safest and most effective approach. An integrating moderate aerobic exercise under medical guidance earlier in the healing process can potentially induce stem cell homing and promote faster recovery in post-injury rehabilitation [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] ]. By mobilizing SCs to the site of injury, exercise may support healing and tissue regeneration.…”

“…Intense training sessions stimulate the body to adapt, such as increasing muscle strength, improving aerobic capacity, or enhancing neuromuscular coordination. However, without sufficient recovery, these adaptations may be hindered, leading to suboptimal performance or increased risk of overuse injuries [ [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] ]. By strategically timing rest or reduced training volumes, athletes provide the necessary conditions for optimal physiological adaptations, allowing them to reach higher levels of performance over time.…”

“…The responses of CD34 + subsets to maximal activity differ between studies, which may be attributed to differences in methodology or cell detection techniques. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that exercise with high activity serves as a stronger stimulus for CD34 + cell migration compared to low to moderate-intensity activities [ 45 , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] ]. In addition to increasing the number of CD34 + cells, acute exercise can impact the function of these cells [ [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] ].…”

“…Circuit training also triggers a hormonal response, including the release of HGH and testosterone, which contribute to collagen synthesis and skin elasticity. In addition to its collagen benefits, circuit training is time-efficient, combining CV and resistance exercises in one workout [ [49] , [50] , [51] ]. However, individual results may vary based on exercise intensity, frequency, duration, lifestyle, and nutrition, so consulting with a fitness professional or healthcare provider can help design a circuit training program tailored to individual needs and goals.…”