Siti Akhtar Mahayuddin and Wan Akmal Zahri Wan Zaharuddin

Abstract

Abstract-Construction waste is generated throughout the construction process such as during site clearance, material use, material damage, material non-use, excess procurement and human error. The exact quantity and composition of construction waste generated throughout the projects are difficult to be identified as they are keep on changing due to the dynamic nature of the construction activities. Different stages of construction generates different types and composition of waste. Therefore the trend of waste generated throughout the construction stages need to be identified. This paper will critically review literature on construction waste in order to understand the nature of waste generation from construction activities. Based on the literature studied, this paper propose a method to quantify waste for conventional construction. The proposed method comprises four steps. First is identification of construction stages and expected waste generated. Second is selection of construction sites with similar characteristics for uniform investigation. Third is sorting and weighing of mixed waste collected in a dumpster. The last step is summation of the recorded quantity. It is expected that the proposed method should be practical and suits current situation of Malaysian construction projects and support the agenda of National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management.

Penggunaan Istilah Jemaah dan Jemaah al-Muslimin: Analisis Dari Perspektif Ulama Turathi

“…Manakala pada zaman moden pasca kejatuhan khilafah turut mempunyai ijtihad baru seperti penubuhan 'Jemaah al-Muslimin', penubuhan parti politik berteraskan Islam, pendirian terhadap demokrasi, pembabitan dalam pilihanraya dan kerjasama politik (Muhsin 1990). Dalam hal ini, pelbagai pandangan pro dan kontra berkaitan keperluan berjamaah, ada golongan yang menafikan kewujudan Jemaah al-Musliminsama sekali seperti Muhsin (1990), Abu Ashbal (2011), Asri (2015) dan Zaharuddin (2015) dengan mengemukakan hujah selagi tiada khilafah, maka tiadalah Jemaah. Pandangan ini telah dikritik oleh al- Misri (2001), al-Qardawi (2015 dan Zaharudin (2015) dan mereka mendakwa pandangan ini adalah sangat longgar kerana mereka berpandangan Jemaah hanya wujud jika selepas mempunyai kekuasaan dan pemilihan imam atau Jemaah hanya pada umat lalu mendakwa tiada keperluan kewujudannya.…”

“…Namun, ada pendapat yang mengkhususkan makna pemimpin ini kepada Khalifah semata-mata seperti pandangan Abu Ashbal (2011(a), 2011(b)), Muhsin (1990) dan Zaharuddin (2015). Pandangan sedemikian menolak kewujudan Jemaah al-Muslimin pada zaman sekarang kerana ketiadaan khalifah.…”

“…Namun, ada golongan yang menafikan kewujudan Jemaah al-Musliminsama sekali seperti Muhsin (1990), Abu Ashbal (2011, 2011(b)), Asri (2015) dan Zaharuddin (2015) dengan mengemukakan hujah selagi tiada khilafah, maka tiadalah Jemaah. Pandangan ini telah dikritik oleh al-Misri (2001), al-Qardawi (2015) dan Zaharudin (2015) dan mereka mendakwa pandangan ini adalah sangat longgar kerana mereka berpandangan Jemaah hanya wujud jika selepas mempunyai kekuasaan dan pemilihan imam atau Jemaah hanya pada umat lalu mendakwa tiada keperluan kewujudannya.…”

Appraisal of Waste Minimization and Management in the Context of Malaysian Construction Industry

“…Sustainable waste management helps construction key players to reduce and making better use of material on their construction project. The waste minimization strategy is not only implemented during the construction stage, but it record and estimates the use materials through whole project delivery process (Mahayuddin, Wan Zaharuddin, 2013), in order to decrease the amount of waste requiring disposal at landfill and as a consequence, fully mitigate the interrelated cost, strengthen competitive advantage and environmental benefits. The implementation of waste minimizing plan method is an opportunity to increase profit of construction company through identification of valuable waste and invaluable waste to gain profit (Augustine, 2011).…”

Investigate How Construction Waste Generation Rate is Different for Every Types of Project in Peninsular Malaysia Using Site Visit Method

“…The gross floor area of the project was calculated from the building plan and recorded in the inventory form for calculation of waste generation rate. The construction waste generation rate was calculated by using the following equation 1 [20]:…”