Sites of lead and nickel accumulation in the placental tissue

Reichrtová, E; Dorociak, František; Palkovičová, Ľubica

doi:10.1177/096032719801700309

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The assumption that tonsils of stillborn fetuses would be free from nano-sized particles was incorrect. In accordance with the literature 20,21 , the presence of nanosized particles in amniotic fluid samples, as a proof of transplacentar transport, helped to explain nano-sized particles detected in tonsillar tissue samples of stillborn fetuses. However, tonsils of a fetus are in direct contact b b a a with amniotic fluid due to digestion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Detection of nano- and micro-sized particles in routine biopsy material - pilot study

Jana¹,

Bielniková²,

Kukutschová³

et al. 2015

BIOMED PAP

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Background. Nanotechnology is receiving enormous funding. Very little however is known about the health dangers of this technology so far. Chronic tonsillitis is one of a number of diseases called idiopathic. Among other factors, the tonsils are exposed to suspended particles in inhaled air including nano particles. The objective of this study was to detect and evaluate metallic particles in human tonsil tissue diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis and in amniotic fluid as a comparison. Methods. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used for identification of solid particles in a total of 64 samples of routinely analyzed biopsy and cytologic material. Results. Almost all samples were found to contain solid particles of various metals. The most frequent, regardless of diagnosis, were iron, chromium, nickel and aluminium. The size, determined using SEM, varied from around 500 nm to 25 μm. The majority formed aggregates of several micrometers in size but there were a significant number of smaller (sub-micrometer or nano-sized) particles present. The incidence of metallic particles was similar in child and adult tissues. The difference was in composition: the presence of several metals in adults was due to occupational exposure. Conclusions. The presence of metallic particles in pathologically altered tissues may signal an alternative causation of some diseases. The ethiopathogenic explanation of these diseases associated with the presence of nano-sized particles in the organism has emerged into a new field of pathology, nanopathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Detection of nano- and micro-sized particles in routine biopsy material - pilot study

Jana¹,

Bielniková²,

Kukutschová³

et al. 2015

BIOMED PAP

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“…Some data indicate that pretreatment of the placenta, elimination of fluids, and freezing may modify Pb levels (Khera et al 1980). Regarding placental distribution of Pb, Lagerkvist et al (1996) reported that, in 33% of placentas, Pb concentration differed by a factor of approximately 2 among different lobuli within the same placenta, and Reichrtova et al (1998a) reported that Pb particulate deposits were more frequently found in syncytiotrophoblasts than at other sites. In contrast, another study failed to detect differences among samples taken from different parts of the same placenta (Piasek et al 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury, Cadmium, and Lead Levels in Human Placenta: A Systematic Review

Esteban-Vasallo¹,

Aragonés

Pollán

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

156

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Background: Placental tissue may furnish information on the exposure of both mother and fetus. Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are toxicants of interest in pregnancy because they are associated with alterations in child development.Objectives: The aim of this study was to summarize the available information regarding total Hg, Cd, and Pb levels in human placenta and possible related factors.Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs, OSH, and Web of Science for original papers on total Hg, Cd, or Pb levels in human placenta that were published in English or Spanish (1976–2011). Data on study design, population characteristics, collection and analysis of placenta specimens, and main results were extracted using a standardized form.Results: We found a total of 79 papers (73 different studies). Hg, Cd, and Pb levels were reported in 24, 46, and 46 studies, respectively. Most studies included small convenience samples of healthy pregnant women. Studies were heterogeneous regarding populations selected, processing of specimens, and presentation of results. Hg concentrations > 50 ng/g were found in China (Shanghai), Japan, and the Faroe Islands. Cd levels ranged from 1.2 ng/g to 53 ng/g and were highest in the United States, Japan, and Eastern Europe. Pb showed the greatest variability, with levels ranging from 1.18 ng/g in China (Shanghai) to 500 ng/g in a polluted area of Poland.Conclusion: The use of the placenta as a biomarker to assess heavy metals exposure is not properly developed because of heterogeneity among the studies. International standardized protocols are needed to enhance comparability and increase the usefulness of this promising tissue in biomonitoring studies.

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“…Cigarette smoke contains nickel that once introduced into the respiratory tract may reach, cross and accumulate in human placentas (Chen & Lin 1998;Torjussen et al 2003). The syncytiotrophoblast is the most frequent site for nickel deposit (Reichrtova et al 1998a), a fact that may be related to the presence of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT-1) in this tissue (Georgieff et al 2000). In several cells DMT-1 has been involved in the uptake of several divalent metals, included nickel (Garrick et al 2003;Tallkvist et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals content in placentas from moderate cigarette consumers: correlation with newborn birth weight

et al. 2005

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Cigarette consumption during pregnancy produces deleterious effects in both, mother and fetus, some of them due to the presence of toxic elements in cigarette smoke, such as cadmium. Placenta constitutes a dual-purpose specimen for evaluating the pollutant burden exerted on the mother as well as on the fetus. The main objective of this study was to establish a correlation between placental concentration and distribution of some metal elements and birth weight of neonates delivered by mothers, who were either moderate smokers or nonsmokers. Forty nonsmoking and moderate smoking pregnant women paired per age, parity, weight, height and body mass index were selected. Smoking was assessed by self-reported cigarette consumption during pregnancy and urine cotinine concentration before delivery. Placental metal concentrations were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry (copper and cadmium) and neutron activation analysis (zinc and iron). Newborns from smokers had lower birth weights compared to infants from nonsmokers. Birth weights were correlated with placental cadmium concentrations in both, smokers and nonsmokers. Placental zinc and cadmium of smokers were mainly located at the maternal side and their levels were higher than those found in nonsmoker's placentas. In addition, all metal nutrient/pollutant ratios were decreased in the smoker group. In this first study performed in our region, we found that moderate smoking mothers deliver neonates with decreased birth weight and highly correlated to placental cadmium concentration. Decreased metal nutrient/pollutant ratios, a condition here found in smokers, may indicate a placental dysfunction, contributing to impair birth weight.

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Sites of lead and nickel accumulation in the placental tissue

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Detection of nano- and micro-sized particles in routine biopsy material - pilot study

Detection of nano- and micro-sized particles in routine biopsy material - pilot study

Mercury, Cadmium, and Lead Levels in Human Placenta: A Systematic Review

Metals content in placentas from moderate cigarette consumers: correlation with newborn birth weight

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