Multienzymatic cascade
reactions are a most important technology
to succeed in industrial process development, such as synthesis of
pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds. Different strategies
to construct multienzyme structures have been widely reported. Enzymes
complexes are designed by three types of routes: (i) fusion proteins,
(ii) enzyme scaffolds, or (iii) immobilization. As a result, enzyme
complexes can enhance cascade enzymatic activity through substrate
channeling. In particular, recent advances in materials science have
led to syntheses of various materials applicable for enzyme immobilization.
This review discusses different cases for assembling multienzyme complexes
via random co-immobilization, compartmentalization, and positional
co-immobilization. The advantages of using immobilized multienzymes
include not only improved cascade enzymatic activity via substrate
channeling but also enhanced enzyme stability and ease of recovery
for reuse. In this review, we also consider the latest studies of
different model enzyme reactions immobilized on various support materials,
as multienzyme systems allow for economical product synthesis through
bioprocesses.