Site‐specific receptor methylation of FrzCD in <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> is controlled by a tetra‐trico peptide repeat (TPR) containing regulatory domain of the FrzF methyltransferase

Scott, Ansley E.; Simon, Eric S.; Park, Samuel K.; Andrews, Philip C.; Zusman, David R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06323.x

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These TPR domains are thought to play a significant role in regulating the methyltransferase activity of FrzF. In fact, in vitro assays showed that while full-length FrzF can methylate FrzCD at only one residue (E182), FrzF lacking the TPR domain could methylate FrzCD at three residues (E168, E175, and E182) (107). This shows that the TPR domains of FrzF have a regulatory role and modulate methylation at specific sites.…”

Section: Signaling Through the Frz Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While the unique N-terminal region of FrzCD has been shown to be important for the regulation of A motility (see below), its deletion results in only minor defects in S motility and development (22,80). However, the methylation of the conserved C-terminal domain of FrzCD has proven to play a central role in regulating the cell reversal frequency, as well as S motility and development (2,107). Reversible methylation of chemoreceptors on glutamate residues enables bacteria to sense subtle changes in stimuli and is important for adaptation.…”

Section: Signaling Through the Frz Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of single, double, and triple methylation site mutants revealed that each site plays a unique role in M. xanthus behavior and that the pattern of receptor methylation determines receptor activity. While certain methylation site mutants cause stimulation of the Frz pathway, leading to hyperreversing cells, other mutants inhibit Frz signaling and result in cells that rarely reverse (2,107).…”

Section: Signaling Through the Frz Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?

Mauriello

Mignot

Yang

et al. 2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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122

141

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SUMMARY In bacteria, motility is important for a wide variety of biological functions such as virulence, fruiting body formation, and biofilm formation. While most bacteria move by using specialized appendages, usually external or periplasmic flagella, some bacteria use other mechanisms for their movements that are less well characterized. These mechanisms do not always exhibit obvious motility structures. Myxococcus xanthus is a motile bacterium that does not produce flagella but glides slowly over solid surfaces. How M. xanthus moves has remained a puzzle that has challenged microbiologists for over 50 years. Fortunately, recent advances in the analysis of motility mutants, bioinformatics, and protein localization have revealed likely mechanisms for the two M. xanthus motility systems. These results are summarized in this review.

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Section: Signaling Through the Frz Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Signaling Through the Frz Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signaling Through the Frz Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?

Mauriello

Mignot

Yang

et al. 2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

Self Cite

122

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Proteins that contain TPRs are normally involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, transcriptional control, mitochondrial and peroxisomal protein transport, neurogenesis and protein folding (Blatch and Lässle, 1999). Proteins containing TPR were also reported to be involved in motility and fruiting body formation in DK1622 (Youderian et al, 2003;Nariya and Inouye, 2005;Yu and Kaiser, 2007;Scott et al, 2008). It is therefore possible that the putative TPR motifs in Hdsp also have a role in mediating interactions between Hdsp and other proteins.…”

Section: Ylh0401mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hdsp, a horizontally transferred gene required for social behavior and halotolerance in salt-tolerant Myxococcus fulvus HW-1

Tan

Liu

et al. 2010

The ISME Journal

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Myxococcus fulvus HW-1, a salt-tolerant bacterial strain, which was isolated from a coastal environment, changes its behavior with different salinities. To study the relationship between behavioral shifts and the adaption to oceanic conditions, the HW-1 strain was randomly mutagenized using transposon insertion, producing a dispersed-growing mutant, designated YLH0401. The mutant did not develop fruiting bodies and myxospores, was deficient in S-motility, produced less extracellular matrix and was less salt tolerant. The YLH0401 strain was determined to be mutated by a single insertion in a large gene of unknown function (7011 bp in size), which is located in a horizontally transferred DNA fragment. The gene is expressed during the vegetative growth stage, as well as highly and stably expressed during the development stage. This horizontally transferred gene may allow Myxococcus to adapt to oceanic conditions.

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“…Reversals have been traced to the action of a small G-protein switch (24,25), and these reversals are induced by the Frz system (26)(27)(28). At the core of the Frz system is a two-component signal transduction system consisting of FrzCD, a methyl-accepting chemoreceptor domain, and FrzE, a histidine-kinase protein (29)(30)(31). The Frz proteins are homologous to Che proteins that confer swimming chemotaxis on several bacteria (32,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Division Resets Polarity and Motility for the Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

et al. 2014

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e Links between cell division and other cellular processes are poorly understood. It is difficult to simultaneously examine division and function in most cell types. Most of the research probing aspects of cell division has experimented with stationary or immobilized cells or distinctly asymmetrical cells. Here we took an alternative approach by examining cell division events within motile groups of cells growing on solid medium by time-lapse microscopy. A total of 558 cell divisions were identified among approximately 12,000 cells. We found an interconnection of division, motility, and polarity in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. For every division event, motile cells stop moving to divide. Progeny cells of binary fission subsequently move in opposing directions. This behavior involves M. xanthus Frz proteins that regulate M. xanthus motility reversals but is independent of type IV pilus "S motility." The inheritance of opposing polarity is correlated with the distribution of the G protein RomR within these dividing cells. The constriction at the point of division limits the intracellular distribution of RomR. Thus, the asymmetric distribution of RomR at the parent cell poles becomes mirrored at new poles initiated at the site of division. Many approaches to study cell division utilize traits that readily allow the distinction of two progeny cells. For example, cells displaying "asymmetrical" division traits allow the clear distinction of numerous characteristics that can then be monitored while deciphering other unknowns. Caulobacter bacteria are among the best studied with this distinction (1), but other biological examples include: preneuron neuroblast brain cells, budding Saccharomyces cerevisiae, germ line cells of male Drosophila, endospore development by Bacillus species, and Mycobacterium species subjected to environmental nutrient stress (2, 3). While such explicitly distinct examples may be rare, nearly all types of cells display some asymmetrical properties when functioning properly. There are numerous examples of distinctive asymmetrical and polarized attributes of cells (4). However, one difficulty that remains in characterizing asymmetrical properties in biology is distinguishing the timing and order of those intra-and intercellular attributes that are transient in nature. Alternative to studying asymmetric cell types that can be readily differentiated, other research strategies to probe stages of division often examine stationary or immobilized cells.Myxococcus xanthus is one of many myxobacteria, common soil microbes that grow readily in environments rich in complex organics, such as those containing decaying plants (5) or other bacteria (6). M. xanthus cells exhibit a symmetric morphology. The specific mechanism and dynamics of M. xanthus cell division, like those of most nonmodel organisms, are not entirely known. M. xanthus is among many bacteria lacking a clear MinCD system that drives the recruitment of FtsZ for division. It is known that the middle of M. xanthus cells is marked by PomZ, w...

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Site‐specific receptor methylation of FrzCD in Myxococcus xanthus is controlled by a tetra‐trico peptide repeat (TPR) containing regulatory domain of the FrzF methyltransferase

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?

Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?

Hdsp, a horizontally transferred gene required for social behavior and halotolerance in salt-tolerant Myxococcus fulvus HW-1

Cell Division Resets Polarity and Motility for the Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

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