Site-specific louvered shells for shading harmful ultraviolet radiation

Gridshells are shells where the structural system is some kind of grid of linear members rather than a surface. With today’s focus on environmentally friendly solutions, gridshells have gained increased relevance as inherently material-efficient structures. This paper investigates the recent research on gridshells, who performs it and what their contributions are, and will thus provide an overview of the research field of gridshells. This study is performed as a systematic mapping. The articles were categorised by research type, motivation, contribution, gridshell type, material, and scientific field. The study shows that most articles are within structural engineering, whereas contributions from architecture were hard to find. The typical study was theoretical studies performing analyses on a specific load or structural behaviour. Some possible knowledge gaps were also identified, including review articles on loads and behaviour, research on bending active metal gridshells and development of gridshell nodes.

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“…Furthermore, the product contributions are mainly performed as experimental studies. Examples from products are [29][30][31]…”

Section: Research Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gridshells in Recent Research—A Systematic Mapping Study

2021

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“…Although the point cloud is contained by an irregular form, it can be enclosed by a range of contour forms. The size of the plan area at clearance height is a function of the service-time period and the height of the horizontal clearance plane [56]. With the plan area at clearance height established through the shading analysis, a structural surface, which will include this point cloud contour, can be generated.…”

Section: Uv Shading Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this system is structurally optimal, it does not satisfy the requirement of shading the target area of all critical solar positions; the solar radiation can still go through the apertures between the louvers onto the target-shade area. To guarantee that the point cloud contour is encompassed by the developed grid geometry and to identify the orientations of the louvers, an iterative procedure is set up for which the reader is referred to [56].…”

Section: Louver Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dialectic Form Finding of Passive and Adaptive Shading Enclosures

et al. 2014

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Form finding describes the process of finding a stable equilibrium shape for a system under a specific set of loads, for a set of boundary conditions and starting from an arbitrary initial geometry. However, form finding does not traditionally involve performance constraints such as energy-related criteria. Dialectic form finding is an extension of the process integrating energy-related design aspects. In this paper, dialectic form finding is employed as an approach for designing high performance architectural systems, driven by solar radiation control and structural efficiency. Two applications of dialectic form found shading enclosure structures, a passive and an active one, are presented. The first application example is a site-specific outdoor shading structure. The structure is based on a louver system designed to provide protection from ultraviolet radiation over a pre-defined target only when required, promoting natural lighting and ventilation. The second application example is a shape-shifting modular faç ade system that adapts its opacity in response to environmental fluctuations. The system can thus improve the environmental performance of a building. Moreover, the system explores elastic deformations for shape changes, reducing actuation requirements. These examples OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 5202 highlight the potential of the dialectic form-finding strategy for the design of high performance architectural integrated structures.

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Development of a model for calculating the solar ultraviolet protection factor of small to medium sized built shade structures

Parisi

Amar

Downs

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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23A method was proposed for calculating the ultraviolet protection factor (PF) of small to medium 24 built shade structures. The method takes into account the amount of sky view visible from under 25 the structure, the transmittance of the roof material, the relative amount of diffuse ultraviolet 26 radiation (UV), the measurement position under the structure and the albedo of the relevant 27 surfaces. The PF of four different shade structure designs was measured 90 cm above ground-level 28 at the centre of the widest diameter of each structure. Measurements were only made on cloud-29 free days. Three structures had a thin metal roof and the fourth had shade-cloth. The proportion of 30 sky view ranged from 4.6% to 15.4% for these structures. The influence of position was 31 investigated for one structure, with the PF evaluated 50 cm in from each of the sides at 90 cm 32 above ground-level. The reliability of the method was tested by comparing calculated and 33 measured PF values for solar zenith angles ranging from 7 o to 49 o . The mean absolute difference 34 between the calculated and the measured PF for these small to medium structures was 1.4 PF 35 (14%). The proposed method is more likely to be widely used to measure the PF in situ compared 36 to measuring UV in full sun and in the shade with a UV meter because many stakeholders do not 37 have access to UV meters due to the cost or the degree of specialization required to use these 38 meters effectively. 39 40 Excessive sun-exposure is the main environmental risk-factor for skin cancer; the most prevalent 44 form of cancer in Caucasian populations. The risk of skin cancer can be minimized, with the World 45 Health Organisation (WHO) stating that four out of five skin cancers are preventable [1]. Skin 46 cancer poses a significant economic burden globally [2]. For instance in 2017, 13,941 cases of 47 melanoma were diagnosed in Australia (average lifetime cost 44,796 AUD per case in 2010; [2, 48 3]), with the cost of keratinocyte cancers in 2012 estimated to be 703 AUD million and over 70 49 million for melanoma [4]. In the USA, 91,270 melanoma cases are expected in 2018 [5], with the 50 cost of skin cancer treatments in the USA based on 2004 data being an estimated two billion dollars 51 per year and solar keratoses adding a further $1.2 billion [6]. 52The primary prevention of skin cancer through reduced exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) will 53 reduce the global burden of disease [7], associated health care expenditure [8] and the societal 54 burden it poses. One essential component of a strategy to reduce UV exposure that is promoted by 55 Cancer Council, Australia and WHO is the use of shade while outdoors [1, 9]. Previous research 56 has reported that adequate protection is provided by those shade structures with an UV protection 57 factor of 15 or more [10]. 59To assist the general public to determine whether a shade structure provides adequate UV 60 protection, the UV protection factor (PF) of built shade structures which assesses the ratio ...

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Site-specific louvered shells for shading harmful ultraviolet radiation

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Gridshells in Recent Research—A Systematic Mapping Study

Gridshells in Recent Research—A Systematic Mapping Study

Dialectic Form Finding of Passive and Adaptive Shading Enclosures

Development of a model for calculating the solar ultraviolet protection factor of small to medium sized built shade structures

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