Site-Specific Assembly of DNA and Appended Cargo on Arrayed Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

We describe a strategy that permits discrete regions of arrayed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to be functionalized simultaneously and specifically with DNA oligonucleotides. The different chemical properties of two regions on single CNTs and orthogonal chemical coupling strategies have been exploited to derivatize CNTs within highly ordered arrays with multiple DNA sequences. Through duplex hybridization, we then targeted different DNA sequences with appended metal nanoparticles to distinct sites on the CNT architecture with precise spatial control. The materials generated from these studies represent the first CNTs with bipartite functionalization. The approach described provides a high level of precision in parallel and directed assembly of DNA sequences and appended cargo and is useful for the preparation of novel hybrid bionanomaterials.

Fabrication and Applications of Carbon Nanotube-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials by Means of Non-Covalently Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

“…For example, using pyrene methylammonium compound as a chemical linker, 2/3 of CNTs were anchored with DNA strands by means of electrostatic interactions between the ammonium moieties of linkers and the phosphate groups of DNA backbones [Xin et al, 2003]. Similarly, Taft et al [Taft et al, 2004] attached pyrene-modified oligonucleotides onto the CNT sidewalls though hydrophobic interactions. To visualize the immobilized DNA strands, complementary sequences were thiolated and attached to Au NPs, which offers a direct visualization strategy to analyze CNT/DNA conjugates by scanning electron microscopy.…”

Dispersions Based on Carbon Nanotubes – Biomolecules Conjugates

“…Most of the hybrid CNT-DNA structures reported to date used unordered CNTs that were functionalized by nonspecific and random adsorption of biomolecular components [44]. Taft et al have described a rational strategy that permits discrete regions of arrayed CNTs to be functionalized simultaneously and specifically with DNA oligonucleotides [45]. These authors have exploited the different chemical properties of two regions on single CNTs and orthogonal chemical coupling strategies to derivatize CNTs within highly ordered arrays with multiple DNA sequences.…”

“…These authors have exploited the different chemical properties of two regions on single CNTs and orthogonal chemical coupling strategies to derivatize CNTs within highly ordered arrays with multiple DNA sequences. The bifunctional chemical structure of CNTs was suggested to facilitate the selective attachment of multiple DNA sequences using two distinct DNA-CNT linking strategies [45]. In one strategy, by accessing the free carboxyl groups of CNTs, single-stranded, amineterminated DNA oligonucleotides are attached to the CNT array using amide-coupling chemistry in aqueous/organic solvent mixtures.…”

Carbon Nanotube‐based Vectors for Delivering Immunotherapeutics and Drugs

“…By strong oxidation, OH and CbO defects are introduced at the tips and sidewalls of CNTs. Several studies describe that these oxidized CNTs (CNT-ox) covalently bond DNA-NH 2 in a controllable assembling process [38,118,228,229] or are helically wrapped (p-p interactions) by double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA [230][231][232]. An alternative functionalization reaction described by Georgakilas and coworkers produces positively charged ammonium-f -CNTs (CNT-NH 3 þ ) [146].…”