Site-related influences on cone-borne inoculum and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia shoot blight fungi on or in mature red pines

Munck, Isabel A.; Smith, Dave; Sickley, Theodore A.; Stanosz, G. R.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.023

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Naturally, if hosts are getting senescent, S. sapinea will change its lifestyle from endophytic to saprotrophic and produces anamorphic fruit bodies (Pycnidia) on the host's dead material (e.g., needles, twigs, and cones; Langer et al, ). Sphaeropsis tip blight (previously known as Diplodia tip blight) represents typical disease symptom and affects pine trees across all ages growing in ornamental plantings, plantations, forest stands, as well as its natural regeneration in understory and adjacent areas (Blodgett & Bonello, ; Munck et al, ). Current studies observed an extremely high risk of S. sapinea epidemic development and even expect increasing damage to conifer forests in combination with drought conditions as prognosticated as part of climate change (EXFOR Database, ; Fabre et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fundamentally, S. sapinea is known as an endophytic ascomycetous fungi associated with pine shoots. It spreads from stem tissues into the needles and results in disease symptoms that include shoot tip blight, stem canker, dieback of current year shoots, and blue staining of the sap wood (Munck, Smith, Sickley, & Stanosz, 2009). On the other hand, it is also known to be present and persisting as symptomless endophyte in pines (Fabre et al, 2011;Langer, Bressem, & Habermann, 2011;Luchi, Longa, Danti, Capretti, & Maresi, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host

Sakakibara

Kojima

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Phytopathogenic fungi infections induce plant defence responses that mediate changes in metabolic and signalling processes with severe consequences for plant growth and development. Sphaeropsis tip blight, induced by the endophytic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea that spreads from stem tissues to the needles, is the most widespread disease of conifer forests causing dramatic economic losses. However, metabolic consequences of this disease on bark and wood tissues of its host are largely unexplored. Here, we show that diseased host pines experience tissue dehydration in both bark and wood. Increased cytokinin and declined indole-3-acetic acid levels were observed in both tissues and increased jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels exclusively in the wood. Increased lignin contents at the expense of holo-cellulose with declined structural biomass of the wood reflect cell wall fortification by S. sapinea infection. These changes are consistent with H O accumulation in the wood, required for lignin polymerization. Accumulation of H O was associated with more oxidized redox states of glutathione and ascorbate pools. These findings indicate that S. sapinea affects both phytohormone signalling and the antioxidative defence system in stem tissues of its pine host during the infection process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host

Sakakibara

Kojima

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…(Michigan Department of Natural Resources 2011a; Munck et al 2009;Pugh et al 2009Pugh et al , 2012Stanosz et al 2001) Invasive plants such as spotted knapweed and Japanese barberry reduce suitable conditions for natural regeneration, facilitate other exotic species, and alter understory plant communities. (Powers and Nagel 2009;Pugh et al 2009Pugh et al , 2012Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 2004 Diseases such as white pine blister rust, red pine shoot blight, and Armillaria lead to damage and mortality.…”

Section: Red Pinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Michigan Department of Natural Resources 2011a; Munck et al 2009;Pugh et al 2009Pugh et al , 2012Stanosz et al 2001 Fishers, one of the largest members of the weasel family, were extirpated from the assessment area in the early 1900s following widespread logging and over-trapping. After reintroduction in the 1950s and 1960s, the population expanded rapidly in the 190s (Kohn et al 1993), and the trapping of fisher across the assessment area resumed in the 190s and continues today.…”

Section: (Burns and Honkala 1990)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest ecosystem vulnerability assessment and synthesis for northern Wisconsin and western Upper Michigan: a report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework project

Janowiak¹,

Iverson²,

Mladenoff³

et al. 2014

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Forest ecosystems across the Northwoods will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of forest ecosystems in the Laurentian Mixed Forest Province of northern Wisconsin and western Upper Michigan under a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and described a range of projected future climates. This information was used to parameterize and run multiple vegetation impact models, which provided a range of potential vegetative responses to climate. Finally, we brought these results before a multidisciplinary panel of scientists and land managers familiar with the forests of this region to assess ecosystem vulnerability through a formal consensus-based expert elicitation process.The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major forest trends and stressors currently threatening forests in the region. Observed trends in climate over the past century reveal that precipitation increased in the area, particularly in summer and fall, and that daily maximum temperatures increased, particularly in winter. Projected climate trends for the next 100 years using downscaled global climate model data indicate a potential increase in mean annual temperature of 2 to 9 °F for the assessment area. Projections for precipitation indicate an increase in winter and spring precipitation, and summer and fall precipitation projections vary by scenario. We identified potential impacts on forests by incorporating these future climate projections into three forest impact models (Tree Atlas, LANDIS-II, and PnET-CN). Model projections suggest that northern boreal species such as black spruce, quaking aspen, and paper birch may fare worse under future conditions, but other species may benefit from projected changes in climate. Published literature on climate impacts related to wildfire, invasive species, and forest pests and diseases also contributed to the overall determination of climate change vulnerability. We assessed vulnerability for nine forest communities in the assessment area. The assessment was conducted through a formal elicitation process of 19 science and management experts from across the area, who considered vulnerability in terms of the potential impacts and the adaptive capacity for an individual community. Upland spruce-fir, lowland conifers, aspen-birch, lowland-riparian hardwoods, and red pine forests were determined to be the most vulnerable ecosystems. White pine and oak forests were perceived as less vulnerable to projected changes in climate. These projected changes in climate and the associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for economically valuable timber species, forestdependent wildlife and plants, recreation, and long-term natural resource planning. ABSTRACT Cover PhotoLake of the Clouds in western Upper Michigan. Photo by Scott Pearson, used with permission.

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“…It has been shown that seed cones are very susceptible to the fungus (Peterson, 1977) and that they can be extensively colonized by D. sapinea (e.g. Smith et al, 2002;Santini et al, 2008;Munck et al, 2009). The extent of cone colonization is strongly dependent on the age of cones (Smith et al, 2002) and factors such as host species, winter temperature and summer rain (Fabre et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection ofDiplodia sapineain Corsican pine seeds

2014

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Diplodia sapinea is one of the major pathogens of pines worldwide. Despite the putative critical importance of seed infection in the epidemiology of the disease, this aspect of the biology of the fungus is poorly known. Here, biological and molecular methods were developed for the detection of the fungus and applied to assess D. sapinea infection in Corsican pine seeds. A buffered medium containing tannic acid and malt extract as a nutrient base was the most efficient and selective for D. sapinea recovery. A molecular method based on DNA extraction with a commercial kit and specific amplification, including an internal amplification control, was developed. A high percentage of infection (57% positive isolations) was observed in seeds obtained from fallen cones in a Corsican pine stand with no apparent symptoms of D. sapinea. Seeds collected from trees in a seed orchard showing severe symptoms of dieback caused by D. sapinea had comparatively lower infection (38%). Moreover, very low infection levels (1–5%) were observed after the standard treatment used for seed extraction, which included heating at 40°C. Diplodia sapinea was not recovered from seedlings grown from infected seed lots submitted to water stress. Overall, results suggest that the risk of disease transmission by commercial seeds is probably low, but could be further reduced by thermotherapy.

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Site-related influences on cone-borne inoculum and asymptomatic persistence of Diplodia shoot blight fungi on or in mature red pines

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host

Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host

Forest ecosystem vulnerability assessment and synthesis for northern Wisconsin and western Upper Michigan: a report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework project

Detection ofDiplodia sapineain Corsican pine seeds

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