Site or Size of Waist Circumference, Which one is More important in Metabolic Syndrome?

Razi, Syed Mohd; Gutch, Manish; Keshav, Gupta Kumar; Sukriti, Kumar; Gupta, Abhinav

doi:10.5530/ijmedph.2016.2.4

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Abdominal obesity can be assessed by the various means, among which WC is considered to be simple, inexpensive, and sensitive tool. [20,21] In this study, there could be underreporting of data due to social stigma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and their associations with socioeconomic status among young men residing in a rural area, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

Selvaraj¹,

Irulankudi²,

Selvaraj³

2017

Int J Med Sci Public Health

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INTRODUCTIONThe non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming more prevalent, and deaths due to it are becoming quotidian. The most common types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. NCDs Background: Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are increasing worldwide. Overweight and obesity may be assessed using internationally accepted criteria developed by the World Health Organization and centers for disease control and prevention. Worldwide, over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older are overweight. Around 600 million individuals are having general obesity which is defined as excessive generalized deposition and storage of fat with body mass index more than 25. Abdominal obesity defined as excessive abdominal fat around stomach and abdomen with the waist circumference (WC) more than 90 cm. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity and to examine their associations with socioeconomic status among young men residing in a rural field practice area of SRM Medical College Hospital, Kancheepuram. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the rural area of SRM Medical College Hospital involving 150 young adults (men) selected by simple random sampling method. The sample size was calculated based on the prevalence of 32% using the formula Z2αxPxQ/L2. Written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. Each demographic and socioeconomic data were collected using questionnaires. A structured peerreviewed questionnaire has been used to collect data regarding demographic characteristics and socioeconomic data. Anthropometric measurements including participant's weight, height, and WC were assessed. Results: About 39% of the study participants were found to be overweight and obese. Around 40% of study participants had WC more than 90 cm and about 60% of the study participants with a WC <90 cm. Majority of the study participants among overweight (52.80%), obesity Class I (43.20%), and obesity Class II (56.30%) individuals belongs to the middle socioeconomic class. Conclusion: These results suggest a high prevalence of abdominal obesity which may be the key factor for metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and their associations with socioeconomic status among young men residing in a rural area, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

Selvaraj¹,

Irulankudi²,

Selvaraj³

2017

Int J Med Sci Public Health

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“…Note : There are different ways to measure waist circumference and different cut-offs depending on ethnicity and world region [ 38 ].…”

Section: Assessments In the Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable risk factors for dementia and dementia risk profiling. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 2 of 6

et al. 2021

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We envisage the development of new Brain Health Services to achieve primary and secondary dementia prevention. These services will complement existing memory clinics by targeting cognitively unimpaired individuals, where the focus is on risk profiling and personalized risk reduction interventions rather than diagnosing and treating late-stage disease. In this article, we review key potentially modifiable risk factors and genetic risk factors and discuss assessment of risk factors as well as additional fluid and imaging biomarkers that may enhance risk profiling. We then outline multidomain measures and risk profiling and provide practical guidelines for Brain Health Services, with consideration of outstanding uncertainties and challenges. Users of Brain Health Services should undergo risk profiling tailored to their age, level of risk, and availability of local resources. Initial risk assessment should incorporate a multidomain risk profiling measure. For users aged 39–64, we recommend the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) Dementia Risk Score, whereas for users aged 65 and older, we recommend the Brief Dementia Screening Indicator (BDSI) and the Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI). The initial assessment should also include potentially modifiable risk factors including sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors. If resources allow, apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging should be conducted. If this initial assessment indicates a low dementia risk, then low intensity interventions can be implemented. If the user has a high dementia risk, additional investigations should be considered if local resources allow. Common variant polygenic risk of late-onset AD can be tested in middle-aged or older adults. Rare variants should only be investigated in users with a family history of early-onset dementia in a first degree relative. Advanced imaging with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) or amyloid PET may be informative in high risk users to clarify the nature and burden of their underlying pathologies. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are not recommended for this setting, and blood-based biomarkers need further validation before clinical use. As new technologies become available, advances in artificial intelligence are likely to improve our ability to combine diverse data to further enhance risk profiling. Ultimately, Brain Health Services have the potential to reduce the future burden of dementia through risk profiling, risk communication, personalized risk reduction, and cognitive enhancement interventions.

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“…The measurement of waist circumference should be done in a correct way to provide the most reliable data, namely at the midpoint between the lower border of the rib cage and the iliac crest. The cut-off points of waist circumference should be referred to the patient’s race and gender [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Management Of the Metabolic Syndrome In Preventing Heart Faimentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and heart failure: mechanism and management

Laksono

Prawara

2021

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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Heart failure (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are syndromes that affect a large proportion of the world population. MetS is known to be one of the risk factors of HF, and it can also act as comorbidity in HF. This review aims to further discuss the mechanism of MetS in causing HF, the management of MetS in order to prevent HF, and the management of MetS in HF patients. Visceral adiposity is the primary trigger of MetS which is followed by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation. All the mechanisms causing MetS play also an important role in the progression of HF. The MetS approach can be achieved by managing its components according to the current guidelines and careful management of MetS should be done in patients with HF. MetS is closely related to the progression of HF so that comprehensive management which involves a multidisciplinary team is necessary for managing patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure.

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Site or Size of Waist Circumference, Which one is More important in Metabolic Syndrome?

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

A study of the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and their associations with socioeconomic status among young men residing in a rural area, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

A study of the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and their associations with socioeconomic status among young men residing in a rural area, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

Modifiable risk factors for dementia and dementia risk profiling. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 2 of 6

Metabolic syndrome and heart failure: mechanism and management

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