Site-level model–data synthesis of terrestrial carbon fluxes in the CarboEastAsia eddy-covariance observation network: toward future modeling efforts

Ichii, Kazuhito; Kondo, Masayuki; Lee, Young Hee; Wang, Shao Qiang; Kim, Joon; Ueyama, Masahito; Lim, Hyesook; Shi, Hao; Suzuki, Takashi; Ito, Akihiko; Kwon, Hyojung; Ju, Weimin; Huang, Mei; Sasai, T.; Asanuma, Jun; Han, Shijie; Hirano, Takashi; Hirata, Ryuichi; Kato, Tomomichi; Li, Sheng Gong; Li, Ying Nian; Maeda, Tsuneaki; Miyata, Akira; Matsuura, Yukiko; Murayama, Shohei; Nakai, Yuichiro; Ohta, Takeshi; Saitoh, Taku M.; Saigusa, Nobuko; Takagi, Kentaro; Tang, Yanhong; Wang, Hui‐Min David; Yu, Guang‐Ao; Zhang, Yi Ping; Zhao, Feng

doi:10.1007/s10310-012-0367-9

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The correlations of daily and monthly NEP were lower than those of GPP and RE (Table S2 in the Supplement), as reported in previous studies (Ichii et al, , 2013Ueyama et al, 2010). NEP represents the small difference between large gross fluxes such as GPP and RE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Details of VISIT are described in Appendix A. The VISIT model has been modified by using flux tower data obtained from the AsiaFlux database, including the middle-aged larch forest at the Tomakomai site and mature mixed forest at the Teshio site, and carbon fluxes simulated with the amended model have shown good agreement with the observed values (Ito, 2008;Ichii et al, 2010Ichii et al, , 2013. However, the VISIT model has not been validated for young forests during the initial stage of growth.…”

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the climate data set are given by Ichii et al (2013). The model was initialized by a spin-up run for 2000 years to create the dynamic equilibrium of soil organic matter and vegetation components using the reanalysis climate data corrected by in situ observational data from 1948 to 2010 for the Teshio and Tomakomai sites.…”

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disturbance events also drastically change NEP and carbon storage. Forests in boreal and tropical regions frequently lose large carbon stocks through wildfires (Pan et al, 2011;Hirano et al, 2012;Ueyama et al, 2013). Damage by insects has had a similar impact on forest ecosystems (Kurz et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We evaluated the long-term (52-year) effect of climate, disturbance, and subsequent recovery on the carbon balance of cool temperate forests by using the processbased ecosystem model VISIT. The study sites were artificial larch forests planted after clear-cutting of mixed forest in Hokkaido, Japan. The model was validated, scenarios were computed, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. First, we performed a baseline simulation of carbon dynamics and compared these values with those observed across a wide range of stand ages (old mixed forest and young and middle-aged larch forests). Second, we ran scenarios to investigate how disturbance and several climate factors affect long-term carbon fluxes. Third, we analyzed the sensitivity of carbon balance to the amount of disturbance-generated tree biomass residues. By taking into account seasonal variation in the understory leaf area index, which played an important role, especially in the initial stage of recovery, the simulated net ecosystem production (NEP), gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and biomass for the three types of forest were consistent with observed values (mean ± SD of R 2 of monthly NEP, GPP and RE for the three types of forest were 0.63 ± 0.26, 0.93 ± 0.07, 0.94 ± 0.2, respectively). The effect of disturbances such as clear-cutting, land-use conversion, and thinning on the long-term trend of NEP was larger than that of climate variation, even 50 years after clearcutting. In contrast, interannual variation in the carbon balance was primarily driven by climate variation. These findings indicate that disturbance controlled the long-term trend of the carbon balance, whereas climate factors controlled yearly variation in the carbon balance. Among the meteorological factors considered, temperature and precipitation were the main ones that affected NEP and its interannual variation. The carbon balance in the initial post-disturbance period, which is strongly affected by the amount of residues, influenced the subsequent long-term carbon budget, implying the importance of residue management. Consequently, carbon release just after disturbance and the length of the recovery period required to balance the carbon budget are controlled by the amount of residues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2014

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“…Although the annual GPP and RE increased with the stand age at the first stage of the stand development (< 50 years old), these tended to decrease with the stand age (Fig. 7); therefore, the disturbance history may partly affect the relationship of NEE to temperature or LAI, as suggested by processbased ecosystem model studies (Ueyama et al 2010;Ichii et al 2013). However, the effects of other environmental factors are included in this apparent relationship, and it is difficult to distinguish these effects in our bulk analyses; thus, the age or management effect must be clarified by the comparison among different-aged forest stands under similar environments in future studies.…”

Section: Seasonal and Intersite Variation Of Carbon Fluxes And Modis Laimentioning

confidence: 96%

Spatial and seasonal variations of CO₂flux and photosynthetic and respiratory parameters of larch forests in East Asia

Takagi

Hirata

Ide

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Larch (Larix spp.) forests are predominantly distributed across high latitudes of Eurasia. They potentially have a strong influence on the terrestrial carbon and energy cycles, because of their vast area and the large carbon stocks in their peat soils in the permafrost. In this study, we elucidated intersite variation of ecosystem photosynthetic and respiratory parameters of eight larch forests in East Asia using the CarboEastAsia carbon flux and micrometeorology dataset. These parameters were determined using the empirical relationship between the carbon fluxes (photosynthesis and respiration) and micrometeorological variables (light and temperature). In addition, we examined leaf area index (LAI) determined by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data to explain the intersite variation. Linear or exponential relationships with annual mean temperature or seasonal maximum LAI at the study sites were found for the annual carbon fluxes (gross primary production [GPP] and total ecosystem respiration [RE]) as well as for four of the five seasonal maximum values of determined photosynthetic and respiratory parameters (maximum GPP at light saturation, initial slope of the light-response curve, daytime respiration, and RE at the reference temperature of 10°C). Phenological indices, such as start day of the growing season, growing season length and growing season degree days explained much of the intersite variation of GPP and RE of the studied larch forests; however, the relationship between MODIS LAI and photosynthetic or respiratory parameters implies that the intersite variation in GPP and RE was caused not only by the temperature variation (abiotic factor), but also by the variation in the photosynthetic and respiration activity by vegetation (biotic factor) through the change in leaf (or whole vegetation) biomass. Our analysis shows that MODIS LAI serves as a good index to explain the variation of the ecosystem photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics of East Asian larch forests.

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New data‐driven estimation of terrestrial CO₂ fluxes in Asia using a standardized database of eddy covariance measurements, remote sensing data, and support vector regression

et al. 2017

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The lack of a standardized database of eddy covariance observations has been an obstacle for data‐driven estimation of terrestrial CO2 fluxes in Asia. In this study, we developed such a standardized database using 54 sites from various databases by applying consistent postprocessing for data‐driven estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Data‐driven estimation was conducted by using a machine learning algorithm: support vector regression (SVR), with remote sensing data for 2000 to 2015 period. Site‐level evaluation of the estimated CO2 fluxes shows that although performance varies in different vegetation and climate classifications, GPP and NEE at 8 days are reproduced (e.g., r2 = 0.73 and 0.42 for 8 day GPP and NEE). Evaluation of spatially estimated GPP with Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 sensor‐based Sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence shows that monthly GPP variations at subcontinental scale were reproduced by SVR (r2 = 1.00, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.89 for Siberia, East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, respectively). Evaluation of spatially estimated NEE with net atmosphere‐land CO2 fluxes of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Level 4A product shows that monthly variations of these data were consistent in Siberia and East Asia; meanwhile, inconsistency was found in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, differences in the land CO2 fluxes from SVR‐NEE and GOSAT Level 4A were partially explained by accounting for the differences in the definition of land CO2 fluxes. These data‐driven estimates can provide a new opportunity to assess CO2 fluxes in Asia and evaluate and constrain terrestrial ecosystem models.

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Site-level model–data synthesis of terrestrial carbon fluxes in the CarboEastAsia eddy-covariance observation network: toward future modeling efforts

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

Spatial and seasonal variations of CO₂flux and photosynthetic and respiratory parameters of larch forests in East Asia

New data‐driven estimation of terrestrial CO₂ fluxes in Asia using a standardized database of eddy covariance measurements, remote sensing data, and support vector regression

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Site-level model–data synthesis of terrestrial carbon fluxes in the CarboEastAsia eddy-covariance observation network: toward future modeling efforts

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

The impact of climate variation and disturbances on the carbon balance of forests in Hokkaido, Japan

Spatial and seasonal variations of CO2flux and photosynthetic and respiratory parameters of larch forests in East Asia

New data‐driven estimation of terrestrial CO2 fluxes in Asia using a standardized database of eddy covariance measurements, remote sensing data, and support vector regression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Spatial and seasonal variations of CO₂flux and photosynthetic and respiratory parameters of larch forests in East Asia

New data‐driven estimation of terrestrial CO₂ fluxes in Asia using a standardized database of eddy covariance measurements, remote sensing data, and support vector regression