Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. It is featured by long-standing delusion and hallucination (psychosis), and cognitive deficits (Freedman, 2003; Insel, 2010; Lewis and Lieberman, 2000). SCZ is a highly heritable disorder (Sullivan et al., 2003) with a complex genetic basis. Recent genomic studies identified a number of genetic variants associated with . CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/225524 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Nov. 27, 2017; 3 SCZ, including a group of variants resided in the genes encoding synaptic adhesion molecules that promoting synaptic function and development such as IGSF9B, and NLGN4X (Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, 2014).Neuroligins (NLGNs) are a family of synaptic adhesion molecules highly expressed in the brain and are ligands for another group of cell adhesion molecules neurexins (NRXNs) (Ichtchenko et al., 1995). There are five neuroligin genes (neuroligin-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) in humans and four in mice (neuroligin 1-4). Neuroligin-1, -2, and -3 are close homologs between human and mice. Neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2 differentially locate to excitatory and inhibitory synapses and are critical for the excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation and function, respectively (Chubykin et al., 2007;Dong et al., 2007; Levinson et al., 2005; Nam and Chen, 2005;Scheiffele et al., 2000;Song et al., 1999;Varoqueaux et al., 2004). Neuroligin-3 locates at both type of synapses and contributes to both neurotransmission (Budreck and Scheiffele, 2007; Etherton et al., 2011). In recent years, several genetic variants of neuroligin-3 and neuroligin-4 have been identified in autism patients (Chih et al., 2004; Jamain et al., 2003). Mutations in proteins interacting with neuroligins such as Neurexin1, SHANK and MDGA have also been associated with autism and schizophrenia patients (Bucan et al., 2009; Durand et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2008; Kirov et al., 2008). Genetic mouse models based on these findings recapitulate some aspects of patient symptoms as well (Baudouin et al., 2012;Connor et al., 2016; Etherton et al., 2011; Etherton et al., 2009; Jamain et al., 2008;Peça et al., 2011;Rothwell et al., 2014;Südhof, 2008;Tabuchi et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2016).. CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/225524 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Nov. 27, 2017;
4We have previously reported several novel mutations of NLGN2 from schizophrenia patients (Sun et al., 2011). Among the NL2 mutants, we found that the R215H mutant protein was retained in the endoplasmic...