Site-directed chemically-modified magnetic enzymes: fabrication, improvements, biotechnological applications and future prospects

Shemsi, Ahsan M.; Khanday, Firdous A.; Qurashi, Ahsanulhaq; Khalil, Amjad; Guerriero, Gea; Siddiqui, Khawar Sohail

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.002

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Athough the detailed synthesis mechanisms are not well acknowledged, this clean and green biological synthesis method has been adopted to prepare MNPs. − For example, enzyme–magnetic nanomaterials can be prepared via biological synthesis (Figure ). Lenders et al. have successfully prepared the ferromagnetic magnetite with an average size of 60 nm at room temperature by this novel method .…”

Section: Synthesis Methods Of Magnetic Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Zhang

Yang

Guan

2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

206

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Magnetic nanomaterials show promising applications in heterogeneous catalysis because of their ease of separation and good reusability. The magnetization saturation values of magnetic nanoparticles mainly depend on finite-size and surface effects. For small magnetic nanoparticles, the formation of domain walls provides a high energy state and the particles aggregate easily in clusters or clumps. To avoid agglomeration, magnetic nanoparticles can be coated with different shells (e.g., silica, carbon, metal, metal oxide, and polymer) to isolate them from external environments. Because of high surface area of magnetic nanoparticles, many active species can be supported on the surface to enhance the catalytic activity. This review focuses on recent developments of various magnetic nanomaterials in heterogeneous catalysis, including hydrogenation reaction, Suzuki–Miyaura reaction, oxidation reaction, chiral catalysis, enzyme catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectrochemical catalysis. Different synthesis strategies for magnetic nanomaterials are summarized. The active sites, stability, and catalytic mechanisms are discussed. Challenges and perspectives for magnetic nanomaterials in commercial applications are documented.

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Section: Synthesis Methods Of Magnetic Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Zhang

Yang

Guan

2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

206

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“…Today, however, in order to establish a suitable immobilization protocol, the researcher must solve several other enzyme limitations, such as stability and activity under conditions far from the physiological ones, enzyme selectivity and specificity (using substrates far from the physiological ones), enzyme purity and sensitivity to inhibition, as well as resistance to chemicals (21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35). In this way, enzyme immobilization has become a powerful tool in biocatalyst design, complementing other strategies routinely used to improve protein properties, like genetic, microbiological or chemical modification tools (36,37,38). In some instances, the genetic or chemical modification may even be directly designed in order to improve the way the enzyme is immobilized, rather than to improve soluble enzyme features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters necessary to define an immobilized enzyme preparation

Boudrant

Woodley

Fernández-Lafuente

2020

Process Biochemistry

357

177

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Biocatalytic processes continue to find increasing application in industry. Therefore enzyme immobilization has also become of increasing importance as a means of allowing enzyme containment within reactors operating in continuous mode or else separation of enzyme after use in (fed-)batch reactors, as well as potential recycle. Whilst much has been reported in the scientific literature about enzyme immobilization methods, in many cases the protocol leads to losses in enzyme activity. In this review we outline the reasons for loss of activity during immobilization and highlight suitable diagnostic tests to elucidate the precise cause and thereby methods to restore activity. The need for standardized reporting of immobilization methods is also emphasized as a means of benchmarking alternative approaches.

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“…Researches aimed at devising improved methods of impregnation and grafting, as well as studying the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of natural fibers will be important for the design of functionalized plant-sourced textiles. In this perspective, the use of enzymes (like laccases) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles will offer advantages in terms of reusability and improvement of catalytic properties, as compared to free enzymes [111].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Fibers and Phenolics: A Review on Their Synthesis, Analysis and Combined Use for Biomaterials with New Properties

Berni

Cai

Hausman

et al. 2019

Fibers

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Devising environmental-friendly processes in biotechnology is a priority in the current economic scenario. We are witnessing a constant and steady push towards finding sustainable solutions to societal challenges by promoting innovation-driven activities minimizing the environmental impact and valorizing natural resources. In bioeconomy, plants are among the most important renewable sources of both fibers (woody and cellulosic) and phytochemicals, which find applications in many industrial sectors, spanning from the textile, to the biocomposite, medical, nutraceutical, and pharma sectors. Given the key role of plants as natural sources of (macro)molecules, we here provide a compendium on the use of plant fibers functionalized/impregnated with phytochemicals (in particular phenolic extracts). The goal is to review the various applications of natural fibers functionalized with plant phenolics and to valorize those plants that are source of both fibers and phytochemicals.Fibers 2019, 7, 80 2 of 17 secreting enzymes acting on cell wall polysaccharides [7] (e.g., pectinases degrading the middle lamellas which "glue" together the bundles of bast fibers).Fibers 2019, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 17 (fungi, such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota and bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes [6]) secreting enzymes acting on cell wall polysaccharides [7] (e.g., pectinases degrading the middle lamellas which "glue" together the bundles of bast fibers). Figure 1. Cross section of the stem of a representative fiber crop, stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.), and details of enzyme-treated cortical peels with some separated bast fibers. (a) Transversal cross section stained with Safranin and Alcian blue (FASGA staining), showing in blue the cellulosic bast fibers and in red lignin; (b) cortical peels separated from the stem bottom internodes and treated for 24 h at 50 °C with TEXAZYM BFE (INOTEX Ltd, Czech Republic) showing some separated bast fibers; the inset shows one separated bast fiber.The use of plant fibers provides several advantages, namely breathability and comfort in case of skin irritations/allergies [8]. Adding to them anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects greatly widens their spectrum of applications to, for example, the manufacture of technical textiles, such as those used for wound healing. Notably, plants are also rich sources of phytochemicals showing antioxidant and bactericidal/fungicidal effects. Some plant species, such as the fiber crops hemp and nettle, are multi-purpose, as they produce both high yields of cellulosic fibers and phytochemicals [2,9].In this review we will illustrate recent examples of natural fibers functionalized (i.e., with a chemical bond) or impregnated with phytochemicals (more specifically phenolics which show strong antimicrobial activities thanks to their chemical heterogeneity [10]). The goal is to highlight the value of plants as renewable resources of biomass (fibers) on one hand and of molecules with biological effe...

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Site-directed chemically-modified magnetic enzymes: fabrication, improvements, biotechnological applications and future prospects

Cited by 18 publications

References 192 publications

Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Parameters necessary to define an immobilized enzyme preparation

Plant Fibers and Phenolics: A Review on Their Synthesis, Analysis and Combined Use for Biomaterials with New Properties

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