Site classification and estimation of surface level seismic hazard using geophysical data and probabilistic approach

Anbazhagan, P.; Sitharam, T. G.; Vipin, K. S.

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.11.001

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The occurrence of frequent earthquakes in the low seismic regions in the last few decades has led researchers to investigate seismic hazard in low seismic regions around the world, such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Korean, Germany, Belgium, Spain and Iceland [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Their studies were based on the historical evidence of extensive damages and losses caused by a predominantly stable intra-plate [27]. Insufficient documentation and lack of experience to damaging earthquakes in low seismic regions resulted in improper code regulations by the authorities in the development of structures in a few countries of this region.…”

Section: Fig 1 -Sumatran Fault Lines and Subduction Zone Of The Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study on Structural Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint After the First Significant Earthquake Impact in Malaysia

Ganasan

Tan

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

IJIE

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This paper presents a case study regarding failures of structural buildings which occurred in Malaysia after the first significant earthquake event dated on June 5, 2015. Ranau is a locality situated in Sabah, Malaysia on the island of Borneo. The seismic activity was triggered when an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 afflicted Ranau, including seven other districts that also felt the tremors. Even though the impact of magnitude was undisputedly not high, the severity level of damages was found to be absolute (irreparable) in the structural RC beam-column joints and soft-storey buildings. Most of the buildings in Malaysia were built without the consideration of seismic design, and thus a major factor in structural failure. The earthquake has directed the seismic demand, while the total displacement was concentrated at the weakest floor that caused more damage to the building. This paper shows the causes of beam-column joint damages and explains the proposed (to-date) strengthening methods. Future studies related to seismic activities are in need to analyse the performance of the existing design of structural RC members and propose seismic design in Malaysia.

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Section: Fig 1 -Sumatran Fault Lines and Subduction Zone Of The Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study on Structural Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint After the First Significant Earthquake Impact in Malaysia

Ganasan

Tan

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

IJIE

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“…Shear Wave Velocity (V S ) is a dynamic soil property which explicitly measures stiffness and in-situ shear strength of subsurface layers using geophysical tests such as cross-hole, seismic CPT, Suspension logging, Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW). The method of measuring V S by MASW has been widely used for site classification and site response studies (Anbazhagan and Sitharam [17]; Anbazhagan et al [18]; Dikmen [6]) since MASW provides higher-resolution V S profile measurements relative to other methods. Exploring shear wave velocity profiles by MASW method involves (i) field data acquisition (ii) dispersion curve analysis (iii) inversion of attained dispersion curves with appropriate iterations, resulting in shear wave velocity profiles (depth vs V S profiles).…”

Section: Experimental Site Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic site classification and amplification of shallow bedrock sites

et al. 2018

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This study attempts to develop empirical correlations between average penetration resistance (), averaged velocities over depth up to bedrock depth () and 30 m () for shallow depth sites (having bedrock at a depth less than 25 m). A total of 63 shallow sites were assessed for penetration resistance values up to the bedrock from Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and dynamic soil property analysis, i.e., Shear Wave Velocity (VS) from Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves. The study shows that 30 m averaged shear wave velocities are more than the average velocity up to bedrock depth in shallow bedrock sites because of inclusion of rock site velocity. Furthermore, averaged SPT-N() and average VS () up to bedrock depth were correlated with the 30 m average() values. This is the first attempt in developing empirical relationships of this kind for seismic site classification. These correlations can be made useful for seismic site classification of sites in regions with Standard Penetration Test (NSPT) values and limited VS values. Further surface and bedrock motion recordings of 12 selected KiK-net shallow depth sites were collected and amplifications were estimated with the respective peak ground acceleration, spectral acceleration and thereby related to the average shear wave velocity up to bedrock and 30 m. The results show that the amplification is better correlated to the than for shallow depth sites, and more data can be added to strengthen this correlation.

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“…In SASW, the spectral analysis is performed for a surface wave generated by an impulsive source and recorded by a pair of receivers. MASW is increasingly being applied in earthquake geotechnical engineering for seismic microzonation and site response studies (Anbazhagan and Sitharam 2008a,b;Sitharam and Anbazhagan 2008;Anbazhagan et al 2009. SWVs of soil layers of the Indian sites have been measured by P. Anbazhagan (this paper) using an MASW survey.…”

Section: Site Classification Based On Swvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rock Depth on Seismic Site Classification for Shallow Bedrock Regions

2013

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Seismic site classifications are used to represent site effects for estimating hazard parameters (response spectral ordinates) at the soil surface. Seismic site classifications have generally been carried out using average shear wave velocity and/or standard penetration test n-values of top 30-m soil layers, according to the recommendations of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) or the International Building Code (IBC). The site classification system in the NEHRP and the IBC is based on the studies carried out in the United States where soil layers extend up to several hundred meters before reaching any distinct soil-bedrock interface and may not be directly applicable to other regions, especially in regions having shallow geological deposits. This paper investigates the influence of rock depth on site classes based on the recommendations of the NEHRP and the IBC. For this study, soil sites having a wide range of average shear wave velocities (or standard penetration test n-values) have been collected from different parts of Australia, China, and India. Shear wave velocities of rock layers underneath soil layers have also been collected at depths from a few meters to 180 m. It is shown that a site classification system based on the top 30-m soil layers often represents stiffer site classes for soil sites having shallow rock depths (rock depths less than 25 m from the soil surface). A new site classification system based on average soil thickness up to engineering bedrock has been proposed herein, which is considered more representative for soil sites in shallow bedrock regions. It has been observed that response spectral ordinates, amplification factors, and site periods estimated using onedimensional shear wave analysis considering the depth of engineering bedrock are different from those Abstract: Seismic site classifications are used to represent site effects for estimating hazard parameters (response spectral ordinates) at the soil surface. Seismic site classifications have generally been carried out using average shear wave velocity and/or standard penetration test n-values of top 30-m soil layers, according to the recommendations of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) or the International Building Code (IBC). The site classification system in the NEHRP and the IBC is based on the studies carried out in the United States where soil layers extend up to several hundred meters before reaching any distinct soil-bedrock interface and may not be directly applicable to other regions, especially in regions having shallow geological deposits. This paper investigates the influence of rock depth on site classes based on the recommendations of the NEHRP and the IBC. For this study, soil sites having a wide range of average shear wave velocities (or standard penetration test n-values) have been collected from different parts of Australia, China, and India. Shear wave velocities of rock layers underneath soil layers have also been collected at depths from a few meters ...

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Site classification and estimation of surface level seismic hazard using geophysical data and probabilistic approach

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

A Case Study on Structural Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint After the First Significant Earthquake Impact in Malaysia

A Case Study on Structural Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint After the First Significant Earthquake Impact in Malaysia

Seismic site classification and amplification of shallow bedrock sites

Influence of Rock Depth on Seismic Site Classification for Shallow Bedrock Regions

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