Site and mechanism of the action of diuretics

Odlind, Bo

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1984.tb03625.x

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[101][102][103][104][105][106][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136] Alcohol, caffeine, and theophylline at certain doses are mild diuretics. 106,137,138 Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, and several over-the-counter and prescription medications. 139 Theophylline is found mostly in tea and anti-asthma medications.…”

Section: Lack Of Acclimatization Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

Casa¹,

DeMartini²,

Bergeron³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

168

338

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Objective: To present recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of exertional heat illnesses and to describe the relevant physiology of thermoregulation.Background: Certified athletic trainers evaluate and treat heat-related injuries during athletic activity in ''safe'' and highrisk environments. While the recognition of heat illness has improved, the subtle signs and symptoms associated with heat illness are often overlooked, resulting in more serious problems for affected athletes. The recommendations presented here provide athletic trainers and allied health providers with an integrated scientific and practical approach to the prevention, recognition, and treatment of heat illnesses. These recommendations can be modified based on the environmental conditions of the site, the specific sport, and individual considerations to maximize safety and performance.Recommendations: Certified athletic trainers and other allied health providers should use these recommendations to establish on-site emergency plans for their venues and athletes. The primary goal of athlete safety is addressed through the prevention and recognition of heat-related illnesses and a welldeveloped plan to evaluate and treat affected athletes. Even with a heat-illness prevention plan that includes medical screening, acclimatization, conditioning, environmental monitoring, and suitable practice adjustments, heat illness can and does occur. Athletic trainers and other allied health providers must be prepared to respond in an expedient manner to alleviate symptoms and minimize morbidity and mortality.Key Words: heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, hyponatremia, dehydration, exercise, heat tolerance H eat illness is inherent to physical activity and its incidence increases with rising ambient temperature and relative humidity. Athletes who begin training in the late summer (eg, football, soccer, and cross-country athletes) experience exertional heat-related illness more often than athletes who begin training during the winter and spring. [1][2][3][4][5] Although the hot conditions associated with late summer provide a simple explanation for this difference, we need to understand what makes certain athletes more susceptible and how these illnesses can be prevented. PURPOSEThis position statement provides recommendations that will enable certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and other allied health providers to (1) identify and implement preventive strategies that can reduce heat-related illnesses in sports, (2) characterize factors associated with the early detection of heat illness, (3) provide on-site first aid and emergency management of athletes with heat illnesses, (4) determine appropriate return-toplay procedures, (5) understand thermoregulation and physiologic responses to heat, and (6) recognize groups with special concerns related to heat exposure. ORGANIZATIONThis position statement is organized as follows:1. Definitions of exertional heat illnesses, including exerciseassociated muscle (heat) cramps, he...

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Section: Lack Of Acclimatization Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

Casa¹,

DeMartini²,

Bergeron³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

168

338

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits water reabsorption at Henle's loop [12]. It influences the dilution-concentration mechanism of the urine to promote a significant diuresis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diuretic Activity of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. in Wistar Rats

Mea

Sedagbande

Abo

et al. 2018

IJPPE

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Abstract. The diuretic effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa has always been noted by the early botanists who studied the plant. On the other hand, very little scientific work to confirm this state of affairs has been done. In this pharmacological study, we provide scientific evidence to previous observations. Using an electrolyte analyzer to evaluate urinary volume and ions and appropriate experimental protocols on wistar strain rats, we have shown that: The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (AEHS) administered at doses of 200, 500 and 700 mg / kg BW induces a dose-dependent and significant increase in urinary excretion in rats. This increase was 12.75 ± 1.971 mL / kg, 23.20 ± 2.082 mL / kg and 29.42 ± 2.097 mL / kg BW, respectively is after 24 hours. That is a respective increase of 55.5, 182 and 333% compared to the control. The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (AEHS) uses at the dose of 700 mg / kg BW results in a reduction of the first urination time by 26.30% compared to the control. The determination of electrolytes in rats treated with 700 mg / kg BW after 24 hours showed high concentrations of sodium, potassium and chlorine in the urine. These different concentrations are for sodium of 72.51%, potassium of 76.54% and 58.81% for chlorine relative to the concentration of the controls. Compared to AEHS, hydrochlorothiazide at 25 mg / kg BW results in urinary excretion of 80.79% sodium, 85.30% potassium and 75.97% chlorine. Similarly with furosemide uses at 20 mg / kg BW), the concentrations are 86% sodium, 79% potassium and 71.58% chlorine. Compared with control rats, the Na + / K + ratio did not vary significantly in the treated animals. AEHS is therefore a diuretic substance like hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide.

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“…V 2 receptors reside in renal collecting ducts and are responsible for water retention [6, 7, 11, 12]. Commonly used diuretics that act on the collecting ducts and terminal parts of the distal convoluted tubule are potassium-sparing agents, whereas the thiazide group act on the distal convoluted tubule and loop diuretics act on the thick ascending loop of Henle [13]. …”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Avp In Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorenal Syndrome: Role of Arginine Vasopressin and Vaptans in Heart Failure

et al. 2017

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Heart and kidney failure continued to be of increasing prevalence in today’s society, and their comorbidity has synergistic effect on the morbidity and mortality of patients. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex disease with multifactorial pathophysiology. Better understanding of this pathophysiological network is crucial for the successful intervention to prevent advancement of the disease process. One of the major factors in this process is neurohormonal activation, predominantly involving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Heart failure causes reduced cardiac output/cardiac index (CO/CI) and fall in renal perfusion pressures resulting in activation of baroreceptors and RAAS, respectively. Activated baroreceptors and RAAS stimulate the release of AVP (non-osmotic pathway), which acts on V2 receptors located in the renal collecting ducts, causing fluid retention and deterioration of heart failure. Effective blockade of AVP action on V2 receptors has emerged as a potential treatment option in volume overload conditions especially in the setting of hyponatremia. Vasopressin receptor antagonists (VRAs), such as vaptans, are potent aquaretics causing electrolyte-free water diuresis without significant electrolyte abnormalities. Vaptans are useful in hypervolemic hyponatremic conditions like heart failure and liver cirrhosis, and euvolemic hyponatremic conditions like syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion. Tolvaptan and conivaptan are pharmaceutical agents that are available for the treatment of these conditions.

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Site and mechanism of the action of diuretics

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

Diuretic Activity of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. in Wistar Rats

Cardiorenal Syndrome: Role of Arginine Vasopressin and Vaptans in Heart Failure

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