Sirtuins: Key players in obesity-associated adipose tissue remodeling

Abstract

Obesity, a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat and a major threat to public health all over the world, is the determining factor of the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Long-term overnutrition results in excessive expansion and dysfunction of adipose tissue, inflammatory responses and over-accumulation of extracellular matrix in adipose tissue, and ectopic lipid deposit in other organs, termed adipose tissue remodeling. The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1–7) are a family of conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. Mounting evidence has disclosed that Sirtuins and their prominent substrates participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin action, inflammatory responses, and energy homeostasis. In this review, we provided up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge about the roles of Sirtuins in adipose tissue remodeling, focusing on the fate of adipocytes, lipid mobilization, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and browning of adipose tissue, and we summarized the clinical trials of Sirtuin activators and inhibitors in treating metabolic diseases, which might shed light on new therapeutic strategies for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.

SIRT1 profile update in high-risk pregnancies and preeclampsia: A novel comprehensive cohort study

“…Interestingly, diastolic dysfunction in aging often presents endothelial dysfunction and vascular tone dysregulation. On the other hand, Body Mass Index (BMI) and age were frequently reported as in uence factors of SIRT1 reduction [41,42] but did not show a signi cant correlation in the present study.…”

Helpful to Live Healthier? Intermittent Hypoxic/Ischemic Training Benefits Vascular Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism with Activating SIRT1 Pathways in Overweight/Obese Individuals

“…As a survival factor, SIRT1 expression is inversely correlated with the presence of energy substrates, with levels rising during fasting and falling during overeating. In adipose tissue, SIRT1 represses the master regulator of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism PPARγ at the transcriptional level, inhibiting adipogenesis and activating lipolysis [50]. Generally speaking, SIRT1 overexpression reduces body weight and fat mass and circulating levels of free fatty acids, cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin and increases glucose tolerance [51][52][53].…”

Sirtuin 1 serum concentration in healthy children - dependence on sex, age, stage of puberty, body weight and diet

“…Despite studies indicate that both natural and synthetic sirtuin activating compounds increase SIRT1 activity in vivo , the precise mechanism by which they activate SIRT1 remains unclear ( 58 , 59 ). According to data from the literature resveratrol and others sirtuin 1 activators have demonstrated promising outcomes in a wide range of age-related diseases including obesity, diabetes, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, among others ( 60 – 64 ). Huang et al.…”