Sirtuins as Mediator of the Anti-Ageing Effects of Calorie Restriction in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Zullo, Alberto; Simone, Emanuela; Grimaldi, Maddalena; Musto, Vincenzina; Mancini, Francesco Paolo

doi:10.3390/ijms19040928

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Diminished status of cellular energy leads to lower mitochondrial activity and consequently lower aerobic respiration, increased adenosine monophosphate / adenosine triphosphate (AMP/ATP) ratio, and increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. Further, two cellular nutrient and energy sensors, adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 deacetylase (SIRT1) are activated [92][93][94]. Activated AMPK induces a series of events resulting in reduced fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, and cholesterol synthesis, but active SIRT1 may increase ketogenesis and lipolysis, and decrease glycolysis.…”

Section: Epigenetic Link Between Nutrition Aging and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Hernando-Herraez showed that mouse stem cells acquire epigenetic drift by the accumulation of stochastic changes of DNA methylation in the promoters of many genes, which leads to altered transcriptional control and the aging of stem cells [97]. Epigenetic mechanisms of anti-aging effects resulting from CR were then postulated and shown in several works [5,91,94,95,[98][99][100].…”

Section: Epigenetic Link Between Nutrition Aging and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

et al. 2020

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The continuous increase in life expectancy results in a steady increase of cancer risk, which consequently increases the population of older adults with cancer. Older adults have their age-related nutritional needs and often suffer from comorbidities that may affect cancer therapy. They frequently are malnourished and present advanced-stage cancer. Therefore, this group of patients requires a special multidisciplinary approach to optimize their therapy and increase quality of life impaired by aging, cancer, and the side effects of therapy. Evaluation strategies, taking advantage of comprehensive geriatric assessment tools, including the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), can help individualize treatment. As epigenetics, an emerging element of the regulation of gene expression, is involved in both aging and cancer and the epigenetic profile can be modulated by the diet, it seems to be a candidate to assist with planning a nutritional intervention in elderly populations with cancer. In this review, we present problems associated with the diet and nutrition in the elderly undergoing active cancer therapy and provide some information on epigenetic aspects of aging and cancer transformation. Nutritional interventions modulating the epigenetic profile, including caloric restriction and basal diet with modifications (elimination diet, supplementary diet) are discussed as the ways to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and maintain the quality of life of older adults with cancer.

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Section: Epigenetic Link Between Nutrition Aging and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epigenetic Link Between Nutrition Aging and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

et al. 2020

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“…Accordingly, we analyzed indicators for caloric restriction such as sirtunin1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α). Sirtuins can modulate oxidative metabolism as well as the biogenesis and turnover of mitochondria, with PGC1α being a key player therein [16]. Accordingly, we analyzed the expression of Sirt1, PGC1α.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NoxO1 Knockout Promotes Longevity in Mice

et al. 2020

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According to the free radical theory of aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to be a major cause of aging for a long time. Meanwhile, it became clear that ROS have diverse functions in a healthy organism. They act as second messengers, and as transient inhibitors of phosphatases and others. In fact, their detrimental role is highly dependent on the context of their production. NADPH oxidases (Nox) have been discovered as a controllable source of ROS. NoxO1 enables constitutive ROS formation by Nox1 by acting as a constitutively active cytosolic subunit of the complex. We previously found that both Nox1 and NoxO1 were highly expressed in the colon, and that NoxO1-/- deficiency reduces colon health. We hypothesized that a healthy colon potentially contributes to longevity and NoxO1 deficiency would reduce lifetime, at least in mouse. In contrast, here we provide evidence that the knockout of NoxO1 results in an elongated life expectancy of mice. No better endothelial function, nor an improved expression of genes related to longevity, such as Sirt1, were found, and therefore may not serve as an explanation for a longer life in NoxO1 deficiency. Rather minor systemic differences, such as lower body weight occur. As a potential reason for longer life, we suggest better DNA repair capacity in NoxO1 deficient mice. Although final fatal DNA damage appears similar between wildtype and NoxO1 knockout animals, we identified less intermediate DNA damage in colon cells of NoxO1-/- mice, while the number of cells with intact DNA is elevated in NoxO1-/- colons. We conclude that NoxO1 deficiency prolongs lifetime of mice, which correlates with less intermediate and potentially fixable DNA damage at least in colon cells.

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“…HSP60 and ACLY are two proteins located in mitochondria which indicate that SF and RSV can substantially regulate mitochondrial function. The acetyl modification of mitochondrial proteins, particularly during deacetylation are well known to be important for mitochondrial biogenesis and activity [4]. However, it took a long time for SF (at least 4 h) or RSV (at least 24 h) to induce SIRTs-mediated protein deacetylation [9,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SIRTs proteins are known as deacetylases that remove the acetyl group from the lysine residue. In this way they regulate calorie restriction-induced anti-aging in cardiac myocytes [4]. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is acetylated at four lysine residues forming a catalytic domain for tyrosine kinase, which indicates that posttranslational acetylation is a critical mechanism for affecting the VEGFR2 function [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the protein acetylome of endothelial cells upon shear flow and resveratrol treatment

Lin

Liu

et al. 2020

Cardiol J.

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Background: Posttranslational acetylation/deacetylation known as the acetylome is important in regulating protein activity. Shear flow (SF) and resveratrol (RSV) are two stimuli that represent physical and chemical signals separately. The acetylome co-regulated by these two stimuli remain unclear. Methods: Human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to either SF of 12 dynes/cm 2 or 10 μM RSV. The purified acetylated peptides were labeled by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis. The signaling cascades of the identified acetylome were predicted by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Coimmunoprecipitation was applied to confirm the acetylation status of the proteins. Results: Five groups of proteins showed an increased acetylation upon SF and RSV treatment. After algorithm, 628 proteins with increased acetylation and 22 proteins with decreased acetylation were identified in the SF acetylome. For the acetylome regulated by RSV, 145 proteins with increased acetylation and 23 proteins with decreased acetylation were identified. These two acetylomes were compared, and 129 proteins with increased acetylation and 2 proteins with decreased acetylation were co-regulated by both SF and RSV treatments. IPA analysis showed that this co-regulated acetylome was involved in a heat shock response, and the signals of eNOS, STAT3, JAK/STAT and ERK/MAPK. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis further confirmed the acetylated status of mitochondrial HSP60 and mitochondrial citrate synthase. Conclusions: This study indicated that a physical signal is more complicated than a chemical signal in the case of acetylome. The co-regulated proteins are worthy of further study in discussion of the synergetic effect between a physical and a chemical signal in cardioprotection.

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Sirtuins as Mediator of the Anti-Ageing Effects of Calorie Restriction in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Cited by 52 publications

References 178 publications

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly—An Epigenetic Connection?

NoxO1 Knockout Promotes Longevity in Mice

Comparison of the protein acetylome of endothelial cells upon shear flow and resveratrol treatment

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