“…The concept of parenteral nutrition (PN) was first explored in the 17th century when Christopher Wren infused wine, ale and opiates into the veins of dogs and reported his findings, 1 but it was not until the 1960s that it became increasingly recognised as a medical therapy. 2 With further advances in knowledge of PN formulation, aseptic techniques and so on, it has become a realistic feeding option for patients who have no other nutritional means available to them.…”