SiPM time resolution: From single photon to saturation

Gundacker, S.; Auffray, E.; Vara, Nicolas Di; Frisch, B.; Hillemanns, H.; Jarron, P.; Lang, Bernhard Felix; Meyer, T. C.; Mosquera-Vázquez, Sandra; Vauthey, Eric; Lecoq, P.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.047

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The SiPM propagation time t ps is sampled from the Gaussian distribution function in Eq. 7 with σ tts = 80 ps (from [Gundacker et al, 2013]). t γ is the propagation time of the 511 keV annihilation photon within the crystal and is equal to:

t_{γ} = \frac{D O I}{c}

where DOI is the depth-of-interaction and c = 2.998 · 10 11 mm/s the light speed (note that unlike for a scintillation photon, the speed of an annihilation photon is not reduced in a scintillation medium).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lower timing resolution bound for scintillators with non-negligible optical photon transport time in time-of-flight PET

Vinke¹,

Olcott²,

Cates³

et al. 2014

Phys. Med. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, a method is presented that can calculate the lower bound of the timing resolution for large scintillation crystals with non-negligible photon transport. Hereby, the timing resolution bound can directly be calculated from Monte Carlo generated arrival times of the scintillation photons. This method extends timing resolution bound calculations based on analytical equations, as crystal geometries can be evaluated that do not have closed form solutions of arrival time distributions. The timing resolution bounds are calculated for an exemplary 3 × 3 × 20 mm3 LYSO crystal geometry, with scintillation centers exponentially spread along the crystal length as well as with scintillation centers at fixed distances from the photosensor. Pulse shape simulations further show that analog photosensors intrinsically operate near the timing resolution bound, which can be attributed to the finite single photoelectron pulse rise time.

show abstract

t_{γ} = \frac{D O I}{c}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lower timing resolution bound for scintillators with non-negligible optical photon transport time in time-of-flight PET

Vinke¹,

Olcott²,

Cates³

et al. 2014

Phys. Med. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fast rise time of SiPM signals makes them well suited for timing detectors when coupled with fast scintillators or when detecting Cherenkov light. With suitable electronics, the sensors offer the potential for a time resolution of a few 10 ps for relatively modest signal amplitudes [68]. At present, larger systems are not yet in use in experiments, but two classes of applications for timing of single charged particles are currently in active development.…”

Section: Developments Towards Precision Timing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon photomultipliers in particle and nuclear physics

Simon

2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following first large-scale applications in highly granular calorimeters and in neutrino detectors, Silicon Photomultipliers have seen a wide adoption in accelerator-based particle and nuclear physics experiments. Today, they are used for a wide range of different particle detector types, ranging from calorimeters and trackers to particle identification and veto detectors, large volume detectors for neutrino physics and timing systems. This article reviews the current state and expected evolution of these applications, highlighting strengths and limitation of SiPMs and the corresponding design choices in the respective contexts. General trends and adopted technical solutions in the applications are discussed.

show abstract

“…To develop such models, an important experimental effort have to be done to obtain sufficient high quality data of the characteristics and performance of the SiPMs as a function of temperature and bias voltage variations, among other important variables. Most of the related studies have been performed under conditions of weak radiation intensities corresponding to several or even a few hundreds of photons arriving to the APDs of the SiPM, while in VLC the fluxes of radiations correspond to millions of photons in each pulse of communication, forcing the SiPM to work in a continuous supersaturation 26 . The main problem for VLC is that the variation of the digital communication signal with respect to the background is relatively weak, therefore the great qualities of SiPM, in this case the high sensitivity in particular, provide the best alternative for the detection of these small intensity variations.…”

Section: Experimental Setup For a Sipm Metasystem As Vlc Metadevicementioning

confidence: 99%

The silicon photomultiplier as a metasystem with designed electronics as metadevice for a new receiver-emitter in visible light communications

Gutiérrez

Hernández

Castañeda

et al. 2015

Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Silicon Photomultiplier, SiPM, is a metasystem of Avalanche Photodiodes, APDs, which embedded in a specific purpose electronic, becomes a metadevice with unique and useful advanced functionalities to capture, transmit and analyze information with increased efficiency and security. The SiPM is a very small state of the art photo-detector with very high efficiency and sensitivity, with good response to controlled light pulses in the presence of background light without saturation. New results profit of such metadevice to propose a new receiver-emitter system useful for Visible Light Communication, VLC.Currently, there are four possible implementations of VLC systems, similar to those based on radiofrequency WiFi, considering transmission capacity and network VLC 8 target systems. In the implementation Docking, the devices are close and controlled by a fixed structure; for the system Beaming, one of the devices is mobile and directionally used on another device; for the implementation Hotspot, there is a central element of transmission-reception for emission to directionally connected devices; for the Broadcasting system, the transmission and reception is omnidirectional and the devices are in transmission range with background radiation. The last system may be implemented as a full-duplex communication multipoint system consisting of simultaneous communication between multiple users through a hub. This last type of VLC communication system is the most demanding in all aspects, in both the computational requirements and the characteristics of the optical receivers-transmitters, requiring the implementation of multiple access techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), or the like, which is an intensive subject of research. 9,10,11 At the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Workshop 2014, it was presented a comprehensive review of the state of the art in communications with visible light, the current challenges and research trends that have appeared worldwide, showing that there is huge potential in the development of VLC in different scenarios, giving a framework to address inherent problems and find solutions to the advancement of such tecnologías 12 . One of the main challenges that raised in this event, proposed as main subject for current research, is the improvement of the optical receivers so they can operate at lower light intensities, with higher transfer rates and capable to operate at high backlight intensity without the use of optical filters, with the versatility for applications in places like streets, open spaces, parks and also special closed ambiences as those mentioned above.This article describes a technological solution of a VLC transmitter-receiver based on silicon photo multipliers (SiPM), and an appropriate electronic system that can work very well with high background radiation. Specific and very special features of this modern photo detector, the SiPM, is used to implement a VLC receiver operating in backlight conditions, with higher transfer rates and requi...

show abstract

SiPM time resolution: From single photon to saturation

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

The lower timing resolution bound for scintillators with non-negligible optical photon transport time in time-of-flight PET

The lower timing resolution bound for scintillators with non-negligible optical photon transport time in time-of-flight PET

Silicon photomultipliers in particle and nuclear physics

The silicon photomultiplier as a metasystem with designed electronics as metadevice for a new receiver-emitter in visible light communications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About