SiO<sub>2</sub> Sol−Gel Composite Films Containing Redox-Active, Polypyridyl−Ruthenium Polymers

Sýkora, Milan; Maxwell, Kimberly A.; Meyer, Thomas J.

doi:10.1021/ic990054d

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[56±61] The electrogenerated chemiluminescence of these polymers in SiO 2 sol ± gel/polymer composites was later studied. [62,63] The sols were spin-coated onto an indium-tinoxide (ITO) electrode and studied spectroscopically. While similar MLCT absorption spectra were detected (l max 458 nm) in solution, the emission spectra of dry films were blue-shifted compared to those obtained in water or ethanol.…”

Section: Polymers With Bipyridine Units In the Side Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecules Containing Bipyridine and Terpyridine Metal Complexes: Towards Metallosupramolecular Polymers

Schubert

Eschbaumer

2002

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

690

333

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The ability of a broad range of N-heterocycles to act as very effective and stable complexation agents for several transition metal ions, such as cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II), and ruthenium(II), has long been known in analytical chemistry. This behavior was later utilized in supramolecular chemistry for the construction of highly sophisticated architectures, such as helicates, racks, and grids. The discovery of macromolecules by Staudinger in 1922 opened up avenues towards sophisticated materials with properties hitherto completely unknown. In the last few decades, the combination of macromolecular and supramolecular chemistry has been attempted by developing metal-complexing and metal-containing polymers for a wide variety of applications that range from filtration to catalysis. The stability of the polymer-metal complex is a fundamental requirement for such applications. In this respect, the use of bi- and terpyridines as chelating ligands is highly promising, since these molecules are known to form highly stable complexes with interesting physical properties with transition-metal ions. A large number of different structures have been designed for many different applications, but polymers based on the application of coordinative forces have been prepared in a few cases only. Furthermore, the synthetic procedures applied frequently resulted in low yields. During the last few years, strong efforts have been made in the direction of self-assembling and supramolecular polymers as novel materials with "intelligent" and tunable properties. In this review, an overview of this active area at the interface of supramolecular and macromolecular chemistry is given.

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Section: Polymers With Bipyridine Units In the Side Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecules Containing Bipyridine and Terpyridine Metal Complexes: Towards Metallosupramolecular Polymers

Schubert

Eschbaumer

2002

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

690

333

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“…Metal-containing polymers [1][2][3] are attracting increased attention as luminescent, [4,5] redox-active, [6][7][8][9][10] conductive, [11] catalytic, [12,13] etch resistant [14,15] and self-assembled supramolecular materials. [16,17] Polyferrocenylsilanes (PFSs) are a representative class of metallopolymers that possess numerous properties of interest for a variety of materials science applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donor–Acceptor C₆₀‐Containing Polyferrocenylsilanes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Photodiode Devices

Nanjo

Cyr

Liu

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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A series of polyferrocenylsilane (PFS) random copolymers containing covalently bound pendant [C60]fullerene groups, the first well‐characterized metallopolymers with pendant C60 units, have been prepared and characterized. The fullerene content of the prepared copolymers ranges from 7 to 24% relative to monomer unit. The desired copolymers were synthesized in three steps: metal‐catalyzed ring opening polymerization of sila[1]ferrocenophanes was performed to synthesize random copolymers of poly(ferrocenylmethylphenylsilane‐co‐ferrocenylchloromethylsilane); the resulting random PFSs were then functionalized by reaction with 11‐azido‐1‐undecanol to give PFSs with pendant azide groups; the desired donor–acceptor C60‐containing PFSs were then synthesized by the reaction of the azide group in the side chains with C60 in toluene at 110 °C. The resulting C60‐containing PFSs are air‐stable and soluble in aromatic solvents, chloroform, or THF. The UV‐vis spectra of these materials show broad absorption up to 800 nm. Thin films of these materials were examined as the active layer in rare examples of all solid‐state sandwich‐type diode devices based on ferrocene‐fullerene dyads. The devices exhibit photoconducting and photovoltaic responses, with an open circuit potential of ca. 0.3 V under white light illumination.

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“…Redoxactive sol-gels can be synthesized using transition metal oxide solgels and/or incorporating conducting and redox components for the development of bioreactors or electrochemical biosensors [25]. In principle, most metal oxides could be used to produce gels through the sol-gel method.…”

Section: Protein Encapsulation In Silica Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Proteins in Silica Gel: Biochemical and Biophysical Properties

Ronda

Bruno

Campanini

et al. 2015

COC

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Abstract:The development of silica-based sol-gel techniques compatible with the retention of protein structure and function started more than 20 years ago, mainly for the design of biotechnological devices or biomedical applications. Silica gels are optically transparent, exhibit good mechanical stability, are manufactured with different geometries, and are easily separated from the reaction media. Biomolecules encapsulated in silica gel normally retain their structural and functional properties, are stabilized with respect to chemical and physical insults, and can sometimes exhibit enhanced activity in comparison to the soluble form. This review briefly describes the chemistry of protein encapsulation within the pores of a silica gel three-dimensional network, the mechanism of interaction between the protein and the gel matrix, and its effects on protein structure, function, stability and dynamics. The main applications in the field of biosensor design are described. Special emphasis is devoted to silica gel encapsulation as a tool to selectively stabilize subsets of protein conformations for biochemical and biophysical studies, an application where silica-based encapsulation demonstrated superior performance with respect to other immobilization techniques.

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SiO₂ Sol−Gel Composite Films Containing Redox-Active, Polypyridyl−Ruthenium Polymers

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Macromolecules Containing Bipyridine and Terpyridine Metal Complexes: Towards Metallosupramolecular Polymers

Macromolecules Containing Bipyridine and Terpyridine Metal Complexes: Towards Metallosupramolecular Polymers

Donor–Acceptor C₆₀‐Containing Polyferrocenylsilanes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Photodiode Devices

Immobilization of Proteins in Silica Gel: Biochemical and Biophysical Properties

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SiO2 Sol−Gel Composite Films Containing Redox-Active, Polypyridyl−Ruthenium Polymers

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Macromolecules Containing Bipyridine and Terpyridine Metal Complexes: Towards Metallosupramolecular Polymers

Macromolecules Containing Bipyridine and Terpyridine Metal Complexes: Towards Metallosupramolecular Polymers

Donor–Acceptor C60‐Containing Polyferrocenylsilanes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Photodiode Devices

Immobilization of Proteins in Silica Gel: Biochemical and Biophysical Properties

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Product

Resources

About

SiO₂ Sol−Gel Composite Films Containing Redox-Active, Polypyridyl−Ruthenium Polymers

Donor–Acceptor C₆₀‐Containing Polyferrocenylsilanes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Photodiode Devices