Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Persistent mucosal inflammation and microbial infection are characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Mucosal microbiota dysbiosis is found in other chronic inflammatory diseases; however, the relationship between sinus microbiota composition and CRS is unknown. Using comparative microbiome profiling of a cohort of CRS patients and healthy subjects, we demonstrate that the sinus microbiota of CRS patients exhibits significantly reduced bacterial diversity compared with that of healthy controls. In our cohort of CRS patients, multiple, phylogenetically distinct lactic acid bacteria were depleted concomitant with an increase in the relative abundance of a single species, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum. We recapitulated the conditions observed in our human cohort in a murine model and confirmed the pathogenic potential of C. tuberculostearicum and the critical necessity for a replete mucosal microbiota to protect against this species. Moreover, Lactobacillus sakei, which was identified from our comparative microbiome analyses as a potentially protective species, defended against C. tuberculostearicum sinus infection, even in the context of a depleted sinus bacterial community. These studies demonstrate that sinus mucosal health is highly dependent on the composition of the resident microbiota as well as identify both a new sino-pathogen and a strong bacterial candidate for therapeutic intervention.

House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome Lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection

“…house environment | airway adaptive immunity | gastrointestinal bacterial community | Lactobacilliaceae T he emerging field of human microbiome research has demonstrated the key role microbial communities play in a variety of critical mammalian processes including ancillary mucosal barrier function (1) and metabolism (2,3), as well as development and modulation of host immune responses (4,5). This is particularly evident in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where the composition of the microbiome in this niche and, specifically, the presence of particular bacterial species such as segmented filamentous bacteria and those belonging to Clostridium clades IV and XIV, have been shown to induce specific T-cell repertoires, i.e., Th17 and CD4 + FoxP3 + T-regulatory cells, respectively (4,6).…”

Chronic rhinosinusitis: a microbiome in dysbiosis and the search for alternative treatment options

“…Boase et al 9 and Choi et al 11 found an increased bacterial load in CRS patients and suggested that a rise in bacteria, possibly from external sources, causes CRS. However, Abreu et al, 10 , Feazel et al 12 and Ramakrishnan et al 13 found no difference in burden between the two groups.…”

“…16 , Corynebacterium spp. 10,16 , certain Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes and Haemophilus influenzae 15,16 have been reported in CRS. Abreu et al 10 notably found enrichment of a novel sinopathogen Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, typically a commensal when present on skin.…”

“…The bacterial taxa presented here are a few of the commensal and pathogenic species that have been implicated in CRS disease progression. This figure is adapted from the information in the following references 5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

“…Traditional culture-dependent methods fail to truly represent the sinus microbiome 9,15 , so truly accurate insights into CRS versus healthy microbiomes are from a currently limited number of molecular-based studies [9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18] .…”