Sintering of nanostructured W-Cu alloys prepared by mechanical alloying

Kim, Jin-Chun; Moon, In‐Hyung

doi:10.1016/s0965-9773(98)00065-8

Cited by 95 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The sintering schedule and environment were selected based on previous works involving both SSS and LPS of W-Cu composites [8,9]. The green compacts were liquid-phase sintered in hydrogen (flow rate of 20 standard L/rnin) for 30 min at a temperature of 1,250 °C.…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Alloying Effects in Ball-Milled Tungsten-Copper (W-Cu) Composites

Keoskes¹,

Trexler²,

Klotz³

et al. 2001

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Fine-grained, high-density (97%+ of theoretical density [TD]), 80 tungsten-20 copper weight-percent (80W-20Cu [58W-42Cu atomic-percent]) composites have been prepared using nonconventional alloying techniques. The W and Cu precursor powders were combined by high-energy ball milling in air. A second set of W+Cu mixtures was prepared in hexane to reduce contamination of the powders. The mechanically alloyed W+Cu powder mixtures were then coldpressed into green compacts and sintered at 1,250 °C. The effects of varying the milling medium and milling time were examined with density measurements. Longer milling increased product densities with a concomitant order-of-magnitude decrease in grain size; air was found to be a more effective medium than hexane. Residual impurities were identified with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and their effects on sample properties were evaluated with microhardness measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses demonstrated that the as-milled W-Cu alloy structures were metastable, decomposing into the starting W and Cu components upon heating at or above 450 °C. AcknowledgmentsThe authors gratefully note the contributions of Mr. Daniel Snoha for his careful review of the manuscript and his comments regarding the deterrnination and sources of baU-milling-induced lattice strain. m INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. IV

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Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, as the powder particle size is reduced through welding and fracture during milling [6,7], the powder structure is often refined to nanoscale. As a result, diffusion paths are decreased, which in turn, reduces the required temperature [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Alloying Effects in Ball-Milled Tungsten-Copper (W-Cu) Composites

Keoskes¹,

Trexler²,

Klotz³

et al. 2001

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“…This causes dislocation and defects in powders which generate new surfaces that are needed for atomic diffusion [18]. However, the use of stainless steel jars, balls, tungsten carbide balls causes contamination of the powders and results in activated sintering [19]. Brass powder has its own peculiar problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Densification of Mechanically Alloyed W-Brass Composites

Gowon¹,

Mohammed²,

Jamaluddin³

et al. 2015

OJMetal

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Prealloyed (PA) and premixed (PM) W-brass with the composition of 60 wt% W, 1 wt% Ni and 39 wt% brass was sintered at the temperature of 800˚C, 920˚C and 1000˚C each. As a result of difficulties in the densification of W-Cu and W-Cu alloys, mechanical alloying (MA) and activated sintering were combined. The powders were mechanically alloyed for 13 hours to produce nanosized W grains embedded in brass. The microstructure and properties of these composites with increase in sintering temperature has been studied. Both prealloyed and premixed composites sintered at 800˚C (solid state sintering) and 920˚C (sub-solidus state sintering) have lower sintered densities and hardness. The densification rate in the premixed composites was observed to be higher than that of the prealloyed composites. Their densification and properties increased with the increase in the sintering temperature. Premixed composite sintered at 1000˚C had 91.0% sintered density, 180 Hv microhardness against 76.0% and 133 Hv respectively for prealloyed composite at the same temperature. The values of electrical conductivity in both prealloyed and premixed composites increased with increase in temperature.

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“…The hot-swaging with a good adaptability is widely applied to the preparation of the metal matrix wire in which the particles is not easy to dissolve each other [19,20]. So far, there is little work done to use hot-swaging method for the W-Cu pseudo alloy [21,22]. In this paper, the microstructure evolution of W-Cu alloy wire before and after hot-swaging was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Evolution of W-Cu Alloy Wire

Shao¹,

Chen²,

Zhou³

et al. 2012

MSA

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Microstructure of W-Cu alloy wire before and after hot-swaging was studied in this paper. Results show that a homogeneous microstructure of the W-Cu alloy wire was formed after hot-swaging treatment, and the tungsten particles were embedded in copper phases to form a networking structure; the W-Cu alloy wire has a microstructure of body-centered-cubic tungsten particles and face-centered-cubic copper phase, and did not change after hot-swaging. The intermediate phases have not been found during the process, but the size of the tungsten particles in the copper matrix becomes smaller. After hot-swaging, the treated W-Cu alloy wire has a relative density of 105.1%, and a conductivity of 47.2% IACS, the tensile and bending strength can be as large as 644 and 1600 MPa, respectively.

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Sintering of nanostructured W-Cu alloys prepared by mechanical alloying

Cited by 95 publications

References 11 publications

Mechanical Alloying Effects in Ball-Milled Tungsten-Copper (W-Cu) Composites

Mechanical Alloying Effects in Ball-Milled Tungsten-Copper (W-Cu) Composites

The Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Densification of Mechanically Alloyed W-Brass Composites

Microstructure Evolution of W-Cu Alloy Wire

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