Sintering behavior of 316L stainless steel micro–nanopowder compact fabricated by powder injection molding

Choi, Jin Nam; Lee, Geon-Yong; Song, Jun-Il; Lee, Won-Sik; Lee, Jai-Sung

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.04.014

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A various number of phases can present in the microstructure of austenitic stainless steels, including carbides and intermetallic phases [42,43]. Stainless steel 316L is austenitic stainless steel, frequently used in a wide range of industrial applications because of its high strength and corrosion resistance [44,45], oxidation resistance [46], high heat resistance, and good weldability [45]. Table 2 shows the composition of the cast 316L and 316L P/M.…”

Section: Stainless Steel 316l Composition and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing of 316L Stainless Steel

Mirzababaei

Pasebani

2019

JMMP

141

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Binder jet additive manufacturing enables the production of complex components for numerous applications. Binder jetting is the only powder bed additive manufacturing process that is not fusion-based, thus manufactured parts have no residual stresses as opposed to laser-based additive manufacturing processes. Binder jet technology can be adopted for the production of various small and large metallic parts for specific applications, including in the biomedical and energy sectors, at a lower cost and shorter lead time. One of the most well-known types of stainless steels for various industries is 316L, which has been extensively manufactured using binder jet technology. Binder jet manufactured 316L parts have obtained near full density and, in some cases, similar mechanical properties compared to conventionally manufactured parts. This article introduces methods, principles, and applications of binder jetting of SS 316L. Details of binder jetting processes, including powder characteristics (shape and size), binder properties (binder chemistry and droplet formation mechanism), printing process parameters (such as layer thickness, binder saturation, drying time), and post-processing sintering mechanism and densification processes, are carefully reviewed. Furthermore, critical factors in the selection of feedstock, printing parameters, sintering temperature, time, atmosphere, and heating rate of 316L binder jet manufactured parts are highlighted and summarized. Finally, the above-mentioned processing parameters are correlated with final density and mechanical properties of 316L components to establish a guideline on feedstock selection and process parameters optimization to achieve desired density, structure and properties for various applications.

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Section: Stainless Steel 316l Composition and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing of 316L Stainless Steel

Mirzababaei

Pasebani

2019

JMMP

141

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“…Second, the influences of bimodal nanopowders on the densification and grain growth can be well interpreted based on our previous works on the sintering mechanism of bimodal micro‐nano metal powders. As reported by Choi et al the nanoparticles effectively pin the migrating grain boundaries to provide high diffusion paths for pore elimination; as a result, grain‐boundary diffusion predominates the kinetics of the material transport reaction up to full densification. It seems likely that this argument is valid for the densification mechanism in the bimodal nanopowders in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This observation indicates that the nanoparticles in the agglomerates moved and then, rearranged and locally sintered to induce local densification during sintering. Moreover, most of the remaining small nanoparticles are located along the surface and boundaries of agglomerates, implying that the small nanoparticles are responsible for enhanced rearrangement of coarse nanoparticles by grain‐boundary diffusion of fine particles . However, during such vigorous rearrangement of particles, the coarse nanoparticles hardly grow and the overall density increased to only 73%TD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While coarse agglomerates over a few tens of micrometers undergo densification by all diffusion processes ranging from surface to volume diffusion during sintering, densification of fine agglomerate powders below 10 μ m primarily occurs via a grain‐boundary diffusion process . Choi et al have reported that the presence of nanopowder in Fe micro‐nano bimodal powders, considerably affects densification and grain growth. Namely, the optimal compositional bimodal Fe powder sample (75% micro‐25% nano) showed excellent sintering behavior of full densification and slow grain growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sintering behavior of bimodal iron nanopowder agglomerates

et al. 2018

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The most important issue in the processing of nanoscale metal powders is whether the metal nanopowder can be fully consolidated into ultra‐fine‐ or nano‐grained powder metallurgy parts by pressureless sintering. This paper focuses on the sintering behavior of bimodal iron (Fe) nanopowder agglomerates by considering their microstructure and densification kinetics. During the sintering, bimodal Fe nanopowder compacts underwent discontinuous shrinkage behavior until they neared full density. Three contributions to the sintering mechanisms, asymmetric sintering, densification enhancement, and grain growth inhibition, are presented in relation to the effect of bimodal nanopowder structure. Smaller nanoparticles in the bimodal nanopowders, which are predominantly present at the boundaries and interstitial spaces of larger nanoparticles, are responsible for the three mechanisms stated above. This result is strongly supported by the apparent activation energy values ranging from 48.2 to 90.6 kJ/mol, which correspond to the energy for grain‐boundary diffusion in Fe. The experimental results of this study show that bimodal nanopowder agglomerates can be used to produce full density nano‐grained powder metallurgical parts by pressureless sintering.

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“…In this context, our research group [16][17][18][19][20] has successfully reported a bimodal micro-nano powder feedstock using iron-based materials and low viscosity binder systems and confirmed its A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%