Sinonasal neuro endocrine carcinoma extending into orbit — a case report

Abstract

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Sinonasal tract are extremely uncommon and distinct neoplasms with aggressive clinical behavior. They have similar morphological and immunohistochemical features to those of small cell carcinomas of the lung. They should be distinguished from Olfactory Neuroblastomas. We report a case of this rare entity.A 46-year-old woman presented with a history of injury to the right eye with facial pain and proptosis as the primary symptoms. Later she developed nasal stuffi ness. C.T. Scan revealed a space occupying lesion in the right nostril extending into ethmoid sinus and orbit. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was done with decompression of the orbit. The biopsy material was obtained from ethmoid sinus and orbit. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen along with Immunohistochemical stains confi rmed a Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Patient was treated with Radiotherapy and chemotherapy and responded well.

Sinonasal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a systematic review of 80 patients

“…As in our systematic review and in the literature, there is variability in treatment modality. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination have all been reported . No established algorithm yet exists for the treatment of sinonasal SCNEC.…”

“…Over the years, SCNEC has been identified by many names including oat cell carcinoma, small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell tumor, neuroendocrine carcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and others . The abbreviations used to identify it are equally numerous—SCNEC, SNEC, SCUC, SCC, SCNC, NEC, and others . This varied nomenclature makes review of the literature of this tumor particularly challenging.…”

Novel Spiroheterocycles by Aziridination of α‐Methylene‐γ‐ and ‐δ‐lactams

“…The good results obtained in the synthesis of spiroaziridino lactams 2a – d prompted us to start studying the amination of more complex α‐methylene‐γ‐lactams, characterized by the oxindole moiety. To the best of our knowledge, only one synthesis of spiroaziridinooxindole derivatives is reported 13…”

Metastatic retroperitoneal tumor from a non-functional neuroendocrine neoplasia of the left ethmoid-nose-orbitary region: Case report and short review of literature

“…The differential diagnosis with neuroblastoma, a tumor more easily found in this anatomical region, may present difficulties and only immunohistochemistry is decisive, even in controversial cases. These neoplasms have characteristics morphologically similar to those of small cell anaplastic tumors of lung cancer (Koss) [13]. The instrumental diagnosis makes use of ultrasound, depending on the primary lesion, biopsy samples, CT, CT angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), immunoscintigraphy, Positrone Emission Tomography (PET), and a specific metabolic tracer (labeled 5-hydroxy tryptophan) which is able to selectively bind to NENs in 90% of cases showing lesions not visible on CT and MRI.…”