Sinking rate response to depletion of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in four marine diatoms

Bienfang, Paul K.; Harrison, Paul J.; Quarmby, Lynne M.

doi:10.1007/bf00397670

Cited by 205 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Only the 2p2s model reproduces this rapid change. Observations also clearly show that the disappearance of the diatoms occurred at the time of silicate exhaustion through aggregation and rapid sinking similar to that described by Smetacek (1985), Bienfang et al (1982), Sieracki et al (1993) and Dale et al (1999). The sinking aggregates were captured in sediment traps (Martin et al, 2011) and shown to be rich in diatom aggregates and cysts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Since silicate concentrations in the North Atlantic are lower than nitrate concentrations, silicate is typically the first nutrient to become depleted and to start limiting diatom growth (Allen et al, 2005). Physiological stress resulting from silicate limitation is known to increase the sinking rates of diatoms (Bienfang et al, 1982). By releasing extracellular polymeric carbohydrates, nutrientstressed diatoms increase the stickiness of their cell surfaces and thus support the formation of aggregates during collisions with other particles (Smetacek, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing models of the North Atlantic spring bloom using physical, chemical and bio-optical observations from a Lagrangian float

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The North Atlantic spring bloom is one of the main events that lead to carbon export to the deep ocean and drive oceanic uptake of CO 2 from the atmosphere. Here we use a suite of physical, bio-optical and chemical measurements made during the 2008 spring bloom to optimize and compare three different models of biological carbon export. The observations are from a Lagrangian float that operated south of Iceland from early April to late June, and were calibrated with ship-based measurements. The simplest model is representative of typical NPZD models used for the North Atlantic, while the most complex model explicitly includes diatoms and the formation of fast sinking diatom aggregates and cysts under silicate limitation. We carried out a variational optimization and error analysis for the biological parameters of all three models, and compared their ability to replicate the observations. The observations were sufficient to constrain most phytoplankton-related model parameters to accuracies of better than 15 %. However, the lack of zooplankton observations leads to large uncertainties in model parameters for grazing. The simulated vertical carbon flux at 100 m depth is similar between models and agrees well with available observations, but at 600 m the simulated flux is larger by a factor of 2.5 to 4.5 for the model with diatom aggregation. While none of the models can be formally rejected based on their misfit with the available observations, the model that includes export by diatom aggregation has a statistically significant better fit to the observations and more accurately represents the mechanisms and timing of carbon export based on observations not included in the optimization. Thus models that accurately simulate the upper 100 m do not necessarily accurately simulate export to deeper depths.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing models of the North Atlantic spring bloom using physical, chemical and bio-optical observations from a Lagrangian float

et al. 2011

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“…This phenomenon coincides with lack of dissolved nutrients and is caused by poor physiological state of the phytoplankton (Bienfang, 1981;Brockel, 1983). Silicate depletion elicited by far the greatest increase in sinking rates of diatoms (Bienfang, 1982). Biochemical aspects of silicate metabolism of diatoms, which seem to be of more importance than densityrelated variations in the amount of silicate per cell (Bienfang, 1982), and low grazing pressure of zooplankton seem to be the main causes for the supply of phytoplankton biomass to the sea bed at the end of vernal blooms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentation of organic and inorganic particulate material in Lindaspollene, a stratified, land-locked fjord in western Norway

Wassmann¹

1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Sedimentation of particulate material to the bottom (90 m) was measured in Lindbspollene, a land-locked, highly stratified, west Norwegian fjord, receiving fresh water from a small glacier free watershed. Five cylindrical sediment traps positioned at 10, 20, 40, 70, and 85 m below the surface were exposed from April to November. Organic material con~prised 40 to 60 % of the sedimented matter. Sedimentation rates of particulate inorganic material (PIM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) decreased from 229 and 111 at 20 m to 71 and 22 g rn-'yr-', respectively, in the deeper water. Possible reasons for the low sedimentation in the stagnant water below 40 m are high mineralization rates in the upper 40 m and the lack of resuspension in the water below.

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“…Therefore our rates of nitrogen uptake are potential rates (with the exception of NO; uptake in frontal stations) as they will only be realized under conditions where the nitrogen substrate concentration is elevated to a level sufficient to saturate the uptake system. Empirical observations, such as deep water injection (Walsh et al 1977), soliton enrichment (Holligan et al 1985), diel migratory behavior (Cullen & Horrigan 1981), phytoplankton sinking (Bienfang et al 1982) and patchy excretion (Lehman & Scavia 1982) plus theoretical considerations (McCarthy & Goldman 1979, Parslow et al in press) lend credence to this approach. More importantly we have been able to derive additional information concerning the physiological state of, and the nitrogen cycling within, the plankton community of these 2 types of coastal ecosystems.…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen by phytoplankton in the Strait of Georgia: comparison of frontal and stratified communities

Price¹,

Cochlan²,

Harrison³

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In both frontal and stratified water of the Strait of Georgia, changes in dissolved nitrogen concentrations provided evidence for the simultaneous uptake of ammonium, nitrate and urea by a summer phytoplankton community. Chlorophyll a specific uptake rates of ammonium and urea were ca 2 and 2.4 times greater in stratified water than in frontal water, whereas chlorophyll a specific nitrate uptake rates were ca 1.6 times greater in frontal water. Ammonium and urea regeneration rates, calculated using a mass balance approach, were similar in frontal water, but urea regeneration rates were 2 to 5 times greater in the stratified water during the first 12 h of the experiment. Increases in particulate nitrogen could not be accounted for by corresponding decreases in total concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and urea, or by 15N accumulation in the particulates. In frontal water the change in total dissolved inorganic nitrogen and urea consistently overestimated the change in particulate nitrogen, and in stratified water the change in total dissolved inorganic nitrogen and urea consistently underestimated the change in particulate nitrogen. These data suggest that the plankton community In frontal water was losing nitrogen in the form of dissolved organic nitrogen. By contrast, the plankton community in stratified water took up nitrogen compounds which were not measured as part of the total dissolved inorganic and urea nitrogen, but were most likely dissolved organic nitrogen compounds. Results stress the importance of determining uptake rates of all 3 nitrogen substrates (NHfi, N O and urea) using 15N isotopes and by simultaneously measuring the change in concentration of these compounds throughout the incubation period.

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Sinking rate response to depletion of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in four marine diatoms

Cited by 205 publications

References 27 publications

Optimizing models of the North Atlantic spring bloom using physical, chemical and bio-optical observations from a Lagrangian float

Optimizing models of the North Atlantic spring bloom using physical, chemical and bio-optical observations from a Lagrangian float

Sedimentation of organic and inorganic particulate material in Lindaspollene, a stratified, land-locked fjord in western Norway

Time course of uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen by phytoplankton in the Strait of Georgia: comparison of frontal and stratified communities

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