Sinkhole formation mechanism

Baryakh, A. A.; Fedoseev, A. K.

doi:10.1134/s1062739147040022

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The above mentioned studies as well as other previous sinkhole modeling investigations [e.g., Abdulla and Goodings , ; Tharp , ; Augarde et al ., ; Keqiang et al ., ; Parise and Lollino , ; Baryakh and Fedoseev , ; Lokhande et al ., ] predict different mechanical responses of the overlying layers to the growth and migration of the underlying cavities. Thus, they demonstrate the need for independent constraints, such as measured ground surface deformation associated with the cavity growth, which were not available in any of the previous cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

InSAR-based modeling and analysis of sinkholes along the Dead Sea coastline

Atzori

Baer

Antonioli

et al. 2015

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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Sinkholes commonly form by subsurface dissolution cavities that collapse after the overlying layers become mechanically unsupported. Sinkholes along the Dead Sea shorelines are preceded by, associated with, and followed by gradual surface subsidence that accompanies the cavities' growth. We exploit satellite radar interferometry (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) to resolve temporal and spatial relationships between gradual subsidence and sinkhole collapse. The geometry of the deflating cavity roof is determined by elastic inverse modeling of the surface displacements. A Coulomb failure stress criterion is applied to calculate the stress field induced by the deflating cavity at the ground surface. We find that the induced stress field favors generation of sinkholes at the perimeters of the subsiding areas rather than at their centers, in agreement with field observations, providing important information for sinkhole hazard assessment. Further, our analysis suggests that short‐term deformation in consolidated gravel layers at shallow depths could be approximated by simple elastic modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

InSAR-based modeling and analysis of sinkholes along the Dead Sea coastline

Atzori

Baer

Antonioli

et al. 2015

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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“…It may also contribute to distinctively different karst landforms around the world. A large Z max value (that is, positive soil-weathering feedback spans a wide range of soil thickness) is likely to generate features like sinkholes (Baryakh and Fedoseev, 2011) and tower karst (Tang, 2002). Under intermediate condition, the maxima in the soil cover-weathering rate relationship could lead to local bi-stability of soil depth and resulting landforms (D'Odorico, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecohydrologic processes and soil thickness feedbacks control limestone-weathering rates in a karst landscape

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C TChemical weathering of bedrock plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of Earth's critical zone. Over geologic time, the negative feedback between temperature and chemical weathering rates contributes to the regulation of Earth climate. The challenge of understanding weathering rates and the resulting evolution of critical zone structures lies in complicated interactions and feedbacks among environmental variables, local ecohydrologic processes, and soil thickness, the relative importance of which remains unresolved. We investigate these interactions using a reactive-transport kinetics model, focusing on a low-relief, wetland-dominated karst landscape (Big Cypress National Preserve, South Florida, USA) as a case study. Across a broad range of environmental variables, model simulations highlight primary controls of climate and soil biological respiration, where soil thickness both supplies and limits transport of biologically derived acidity. Consequently, the weathering rate maximum occurs at intermediate soil thickness. The value of the maximum weathering rate and the precise soil thickness at which it occurs depend on several environmental variables, including precipitation regime, soil inundation, vegetation characteristics, and rate of groundwater drainage. Simulations for environmental conditions specific to Big Cypress suggest that wetland depressions in this landscape began to form around beginning of the Holocene with gradual dissolution of limestone bedrock and attendant soil development, highlighting large influence of age-varying soil thickness on weathering rates and consequent landscape development. While climatic variables are often considered most important for chemical weathering, our results indicate that soil thickness and biotic activity are equally important. Weathering rates reflect complex interactions among soil thickness, climate, and local hydrologic and biotic processes, which jointly shape the supply and delivery of chemical reactants, and the resulting trajectories of critical zone and karst landscape development.

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“…A recent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)-based study of subsidence patterns in streambed sediments as a response to salt dissolution by flash floods provides some preliminary constraints on the viscoelastic parameters of these sediments (Shviro et al, 2017). Other previous sinkhole modeling investigations (e.g., Abdulla & Goodings, 1996;Baryakh & Fedoseev, 2011;Keqiang et al, 2004;Tharp, 1999) predict various mechanical responses of the overlying layers to the growth and migration of the underlying cavities; however, none are constrained by independent measurements of cavity-induced surface deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

InSAR Measurements and Viscoelastic Modeling of Sinkhole Precursory Subsidence: Implications for Sinkhole Formation, Early Warning, and Sediment Properties

et al. 2018

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During the past three decades, thousands of sinkholes were formed along the Dead Sea (DS) shorelines in Israel and Jordan, due to dissolution of subsurface salt by undersaturated groundwater. The sinkholes are associated with gradual subsidence preceding their collapse by periods ranging from a few days to almost 5 years. To determine the factors controlling this precursory subsidence, we examine tens of subsidence‐sinkhole sequences along the DS shorelines in Israel. The duration and magnitude of the precursory subsidence are determined by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements and simulated by viscoelastic damage rheology models. Longer periods of precursory subsidence are found in the cemented alluvial fans and in simulations of higher‐viscosity sediments. While surface subsidence accelerates during the precursory period, the widths of the subsiding areas remain uniform, suggesting that during this period upward propagation of damage from the subsurface cavity is not accompanied by upward migration of the actual cavity. Our observations and simulations are used to constrain the viscosity of the sediments along the DS and to reduce sinkhole hazards by assessing the precursory times of future sinkholes in the different sedimentary environments.

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Sinkhole formation mechanism

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

InSAR-based modeling and analysis of sinkholes along the Dead Sea coastline

InSAR-based modeling and analysis of sinkholes along the Dead Sea coastline

Ecohydrologic processes and soil thickness feedbacks control limestone-weathering rates in a karst landscape

InSAR Measurements and Viscoelastic Modeling of Sinkhole Precursory Subsidence: Implications for Sinkhole Formation, Early Warning, and Sediment Properties

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