Sink Populations in Carnivore Management: Cougar Demography and Immigration in a Hunted Population

Robinson, Hugh S.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Cooley, Hilary S.; Cooley, Skye W.

doi:10.1890/07-0352.1

Cited by 175 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…"We control magpies for aesthetic reasons" "...because it has been carried out since many years ago" recruitment of younger animals from adjacent areas, and therefore game estates with strong predator control can constitute predator population sinks (Robinson et al 2008, Beja et al 2009). An alternative explanation would be that gamekeepers may be under pressure to exaggerate the number of predators killed when reporting to managers (see an example in Heydon and Reynolds 2000).…”

Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control in Small-Game Estates in Central Spain

Delibes‐Mateos¹,

Díaz-Fernández²,

Ferreras³

et al. 2013

E&S

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One of the most important human-wildlife conflicts in the world is that where predators are involved. Predators may compete with us for the same resources, such as game species. As a consequence, predators have been frequently controlled by game managers, which has negatively affected many predator populations worldwide. The understanding of human-wildlife conflicts requires a multidisplicinary framework that is rarely considered. We aim to evaluate the attitudes and behavior of game managers with regard to predator management in central Spain, as well as to explore factors that lead to these attitudes and behavior. Data were gathered through face to face interviews with game managers from 59 small-game hunting estates within central Spain. Predator control was employed in 90% of the estates, but control intensity was very variable among estates. Economic interests and perceptions about predators apparently influenced variation in control intensity. The main methods employed were cage-traps and shooting, but some illegal practices (e.g., leg-hold traps or snares without stopping devices) were also admittedly used for carnivores. Most managers considered that efficacy of legal methods for control of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was very limited. Overall, nonselective methods, such as some types of snares, were more frequently employed in commercial than in noncommercial estates. Most managers believed that predators had an important effect on prey, and therefore that not doing it would lead to smaller hunting bags. Only managers from commercial hunting estates used stronger discourses such as that hunting would be impossible without carrying out predator control, which suggests that their tolerance for predators was lower than that of managers whose main motivation was not economic. Most managers considered that predator control was effective to reduce the number of predators, but only in the short term. Therefore, they highlighted the need of maintaining predator control every year. Our results highlight the important role that both social and economic factors (even stronger than ecological factors) play driving predator control, and therefore the need of incorporating these factors when making decisions to mitigate the human-predator conflict

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Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control in Small-Game Estates in Central Spain

Delibes‐Mateos¹,

Díaz-Fernández²,

Ferreras³

et al. 2013

E&S

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, if the management goal is to reduce abundance in a specific sink area through harvest, dispersal from surrounding source areas will confound efforts. Alternatively, a source area with abundant resources and subsequent high reproduction may become an 'attractive sink' if harvest pressure is high [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting black bear source–sink dynamics using individual-based genetic graphs

et al. 2016

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Source-sink dynamics affects population connectivity, spatial genetic structure and population viability for many species. We introduce a novel approach that uses individual-based genetic graphs to identify source-sink areas within a continuously distributed population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the northern lower peninsula (NLP) of Michigan, USA. Black bear harvest samples (n ¼ 569, from 2002, 2006 and 2010) were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and locations were compared across years to identify areas of consistent occupancy over time. We compared graph metrics estimated for a genetic model with metrics from 10 ecological models to identify ecological factors that were associated with sources and sinks. We identified 62 source nodes, 16 of which represent important source areas (net flux . 0.7) and 79 sink nodes. Source strength was significantly correlated with bear local harvest density (a proxy for bear density) and habitat suitability. Additionally, resampling simulations showed our approach is robust to potential sampling bias from uneven sample dispersion. Findings demonstrate black bears in the NLP exhibit asymmetric gene flow, and individual-based genetic graphs can characterize source-sink dynamics in continuously distributed species in the absence of discrete habitat patches. Our findings warrant consideration of undetected source-sink dynamics and their implications on harvest management of game species.

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“…1. We follow the procedure as explained by Bacharach, Lahr and Mesnard, Robinson et al (33,39,40). Note that after initialization the RAS procedure advances in pairs of an odd step 2t ϩ 1 and an even step 2t ϩ 2, for iterations t ϭ 0, 1, …., until convergence is obtained at iteration T. The odd steps in the procedure rescale the data such that the matrix complies with the row constraints, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CONSTANd : A Normalization Method for Isobaric Labeled Spectra by Constrained Optimization

Maes

Hadiwikarta²,

Mertens

et al. 2016

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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In quantitative proteomics applications, the use of isobaric labels is a very popular concept as they allow for multiplexing, such that peptides from multiple biological samples are quantified simultaneously in one mass spectrometry experiment. Although this multiplexing allows that peptide intensities are affected by the same amount of instrument variability, systematic effects during sample preparation can also introduce a bias in the quantitation measurements. Therefore, normalization methods are required to remove this systematic error. At present, a few dedicated normalization methods for isobaric labeled data are at hand. Most of these normalization methods include a framework for statistical data analysis and rely on ANOVA or linear mixed models. However, for swift quality control of the samples or data visualization a simple normalization technique is sufficient. To this aim, we present a new and easy-to-use data-driven normalization method, named CONSTANd. The CONSTANd method employs constrained optimization and prior information about the labeling strategy to normalize the peptide intensities. Further, it allows maintaining the connection to any biological effect while reducing the systematic and technical errors. As a result, peptides can not only be compared directly within a multiplexed experiment, but are also comparable between other isobaric labeled datasets from multiple experimental designs that are normalized by the CONSTANd method, without the need to include a reference sample in every experimental setup. The latter property is especially useful when more than six, eight or ten (TMT/iTRAQ) biological samples are required to detect differential peptides with sufficient statistical power and to optimally make use of the multiplexing capacity of isobaric labels. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 15:

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Sink Populations in Carnivore Management: Cougar Demography and Immigration in a Hunted Population

Cited by 175 publications

References 33 publications

The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control in Small-Game Estates in Central Spain

The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control in Small-Game Estates in Central Spain

Detecting black bear source–sink dynamics using individual-based genetic graphs

CONSTANd : A Normalization Method for Isobaric Labeled Spectra by Constrained Optimization

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